CCE Identifiers in Guide to the Secure Configuration of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6


CCE ID Rule Title Description
CCE-27359-9 Uninstall rsh Package The rsh package contains the client commands for the rsh services
CCE-26865-6 Disable rlogin Service The rlogin service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd or separately as a systemd socket, should be disabled. If using xinetd, set disable to yes in /etc/xinetd.d/rlogin.
CCE-27208-8 Disable rexec Service The rexec service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd or separately as a systemd socket, should be disabled. If using xinetd, set disable to yes in /etc/xinetd.d/rexec.
CCE-26994-4 Disable rsh Service The rsh service, which is available with the rsh-server package and runs as a service through xinetd or separately as a systemd socket, should be disabled. If using xinetd, set disable to yes in /etc/xinetd.d/rsh.
CCE-27062-9 Uninstall rsh-server Package The rsh-server package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase rsh-server
CCE-27270-8 Remove Rsh Trust Files The files /etc/hosts.equiv and ~/.rhosts (in each user's home directory) list remote hosts and users that are trusted by the local system when using the rshd daemon. To remove these files, run the following command to delete them from any location: 
$ sudo rm /etc/hosts.equiv
$ rm ~/.rhosts
CCE-27428-2 Remove telnet Clients The telnet client allows users to start connections to other systems via the telnet protocol.
CCE-26836-7 Disable telnet Service The telnet service configuration file /etc/xinetd.d/telnet is not created automatically. If it was created manually, check the /etc/xinetd.d/telnet file and ensure that disable = no is changed to read disable = yes as follows below: 
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \\
#       unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
        flags           = REUSE
        socket_type     = stream

        wait            = no
        user            = root
        server          = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
        log_on_failure  += USERID
        disable         = yes
}
If the /etc/xinetd.d/telnet file does not exist, make sure that the activation of the telnet service on system boot is disabled via the following command:
CCE-27073-6 Uninstall telnet-server Package The telnet-server package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase telnet-server
CCE-26894-6 Disable ypbind Service The ypbind service, which allows the system to act as a client in a NIS or NIS+ domain, should be disabled. The ypbind service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig ypbind off
CCE-27372-2 Remove NIS Client The Network Information Service (NIS), formerly known as Yellow Pages, is a client-server directory service protocol used to distribute system configuration files. The NIS client (ypbind) was used to bind a system to an NIS server and receive the distributed configuration files.
CCE-27079-3 Uninstall ypserv Package The ypserv package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase ypserv
CCE-27448-0 Remove tftp Daemon Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple file transfer protocol, typically used to automatically transfer configuration or boot files between systems. TFTP does not support authentication and can be easily hacked. The package tftp is a client program that allows for connections to a tftp server.
CCE-27055-3 Disable tftp Service The tftp service should be disabled. The tftp service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig tftp off
CCE-27272-4 Ensure tftp Daemon Uses Secure Mode If running the tftp service is necessary, it should be configured to change its root directory at startup. To do so, ensure /etc/xinetd.d/tftp includes -s as a command line argument, as shown in the following example (which is also the default): 
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
CCE-26946-4 Uninstall tftp-server Package The tftp-server package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase tftp-server
CCE-27046-2 Disable xinetd Service The xinetd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig xinetd off
CCE-27005-8 Uninstall xinetd Package The xinetd package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase xinetd
CCE-27373-0 Uninstall talk Package The talk package contains the client program for the Internet talk protocol, which allows the user to chat with other users on different systems. Talk is a communication program which copies lines from one terminal to the terminal of another user. The talk package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase talk
CCE-27427-4 Uninstall talk-server Package The talk-server package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase talk-server
Disable unauthenticated repositories in APT configuration Unauthenticated repositories should not be used for updates.
Ensure that official distribution repositories are used Check that official Debian repositories, including security repository, are configured in apt.
CCE-27633-7 Configure Dovecot to Use the SSL Key file This option tells Dovecot where to find the the mail server's SSL Key.

Edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf and add or correct the following line (note: the path below is the default path set by the Dovecot installation. If you are using a different path, ensure you reference the appropriate file): 
ssl_key = </etc/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
CCE-27144-5 Disable Plaintext Authentication To prevent Dovecot from attempting plaintext authentication of clients, edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf and add\or correct the following line: 
disable_plaintext_auth = yes
CCE-27571-9 Enable the SSL flag in /etc/dovecot.conf To allow clients to make encrypted connections the ssl flag in Dovecot's configuration file needs to be set to yes.

Edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf and add or correct the following line: 
ssl = yes
CCE-27459-7 Configure Dovecot to Use the SSL Certificate file This option tells Dovecot where to find the the mail server's SSL Certificate.

Edit /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-ssl.conf and add or correct the following line (note: the path below is the default path set by the Dovecot installation. If you are using a different path, ensure you reference the appropriate file): 
ssl_cert = </etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem
"
CCE-26922-5 Disable Dovecot Service The dovecot service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig dovecot off
CCE-27039-7 Uninstall dovecot Package The dovecot package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase dovecot
CCE-27115-5 Restrict Access to Anonymous Users if Possible Is there a mission-critical reason for users to transfer files to/from their own accounts using FTP, rather than using a secure protocol like SCP/SFTP? If not, edit the vsftpd configuration file. Add or correct the following configuration option: 
local_enable=NO
If non-anonymous FTP logins are necessary, follow the guidance in the remainder of this section to secure these logins as much as possible.
Limit Users Allowed FTP Access if Necessary If there is a mission-critical reason for users to access their accounts via the insecure FTP protocol, limit the set of users who are allowed this access. Edit the vsftpd configuration file. Add or correct the following configuration options: 
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_file=/etc/vsftp.ftpusers
userlist_deny=NO
Edit the file /etc/vsftp.ftpusers. For each user USERNAME who should be allowed to access the system via FTP, add a line containing that user's name: 
USERNAME
If anonymous access is also required, add the anonymous usernames to /etc/vsftp.ftpusers as well. 
anonymous
ftp
Configure Firewalls to Protect the FTP Server By default, iptables blocks access to the ports used by the web server. To configure iptables to allow port 21 traffic, one must edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables (if IPv6 is in use). Add the following line, ensuring that it appears before the final LOG and DROP lines for the INPUT chain: 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config. Ensure that the space-separated list of modules contains the FTP connection tracking module: 
IPTABLES_MODULES="ip_conntrack_ftp"
CCE-27145-2 Create Warning Banners for All FTP Users Edit the vsftpd configuration file, which resides at /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf by default. Add or correct the following configuration options: 
banner_file=/etc/issue
CCE-27142-9 Enable Logging of All FTP Transactions Add or correct the following configuration options within the vsftpd configuration file, located at /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf: 
xferlog_enable=YES
xferlog_std_format=NO
log_ftp_protocol=YES
CCE-27117-1 Disable FTP Uploads if Possible Is there a mission-critical reason for users to upload files via FTP? If not, edit the vsftpd configuration file to add or correct the following configuration options: 
write_enable=NO
If FTP uploads are necessary, follow the guidance in the remainder of this section to secure these transactions as much as possible.
CCE-27411-8 Place the FTP Home Directory on its Own Partition By default, the anonymous FTP root is the home directory of the FTP user account. The df command can be used to verify that this directory is on its own partition.
CCE-27187-4 Install vsftpd Package If this system must operate as an FTP server, install the vsftpd package via the standard channels. The vsftpd package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install vsftpd
CCE-26948-0 Disable vsftpd Service The vsftpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig vsftpd off
CCE-26687-4 Uninstall vsftpd Package The vsftpd package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase vsftpd
CCE-27365-6 Configure SNMP Service to Use Only SNMPv3 or Newer Edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf, removing any references to rocommunity, rwcommunity, or com2sec. Upon doing that, restart the SNMP service: 
$ sudo service snmpd restart
CCE-27593-3 Ensure Default SNMP Password Is Not Used Edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf, remove or change the default community strings of public and private. Once the default community strings have been changed, restart the SNMP service: 
$ sudo service snmpd restart
CCE-26332-7 Uninstall net-snmp Package The net-snmp package provides the snmpd service. The net-snmp package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase net-snmp
CCE-26906-8 Disable snmpd Service The snmpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig snmpd off
CCE-27158-5 Disable anacron Service The cronie-anacron package, which provides anacron functionality, is installed by default. The cronie-anacron package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase cronie-anacron
CCE-27070-2 Enable cron Service The crond service is used to execute commands at preconfigured times. It is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, such as notifying root of system activity. The crond service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 crond on
CCE-27249-2 Disable At Service (atd) The at and batch commands can be used to schedule tasks that are meant to be executed only once. This allows delayed execution in a manner similar to cron, except that it is not recurring. The daemon atd keeps track of tasks scheduled via at and batch, and executes them at the specified time. The atd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig atd off
Install the cron service The Cron service should be installed.
Enable cron Service The crond service is used to execute commands at preconfigured times. It is required by almost all systems to perform necessary maintenance tasks, such as notifying root of system activity. The cron service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 cron on
CCE-27198-1 Remove the X Windows Package Group By removing the xorg-x11-server-common package, the system no longer has X Windows installed. If X Windows is not installed then the system cannot boot into graphical user mode. This prevents the system from being accidentally or maliciously booted into a graphical.target mode. To do so, run the following command: 
$ sudo yum groupremove "X Window System"
$ sudo yum remove xorg-x11-server-common
CCE-27119-7 Disable X Windows Startup By Setting Runlevel Setting the system's runlevel to 3 will prevent automatic startup of the X server. To do so, ensure the following line in /etc/inittab features a 3 as shown: 
id:3:initdefault:
CCE-27528-9 Disable Zone Transfers from the Nameserver Is it necessary for a secondary nameserver to receive zone data via zone transfer from the primary server? If not, follow the instructions in this section. If so, see the next section for instructions on protecting zone transfers. Add or correct the following directive within /etc/named.conf: 
options {
  allow-transfer { none; };
  ...
}
CCE-27105-6 Disable Dynamic Updates Is there a mission-critical reason to enable the risky dynamic update functionality? If not, edit /etc/named.conf. For each zone specification, correct the following directive if necessary: 
zone "example.com " IN {
  allow-update { none; };
  ...
};
CCE-27496-9 Authenticate Zone Transfers If it is necessary for a secondary nameserver to receive zone data via zone transfer from the primary server, follow the instructions here. Use dnssec-keygen to create a symmetric key file in the current directory: 
$ cd /tmp
$ sudo dnssec-keygen -a HMAC-MD5 -b 128 -n HOST dns.example.com
Kdns.example.com .+aaa +iiiii
This output is the name of a file containing the new key. Read the file to find the base64-encoded key string: 
$ sudo cat Kdns.example.com .+NNN +MMMMM .key
dns.example.com IN KEY 512 3 157 base64-key-string
Add the directives to /etc/named.conf on the primary server: 
key zone-transfer-key {
  algorithm hmac-md5;
  secret "base64-key-string ";
};
zone "example.com " IN {
  type master;
  allow-transfer { key zone-transfer-key; };
  ...
};
Add the directives below to /etc/named.conf on the secondary nameserver: 
key zone-transfer-key {
  algorithm hmac-md5;
  secret "base64-key-string ";
};

server IP-OF-MASTER {
  keys { zone-transfer-key; };
};

zone "example.com " IN {
  type slave;
  masters { IP-OF-MASTER ; };
  ...
};
CCE-26873-0 Disable named Service The named service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig named off
CCE-27030-6 Uninstall bind Package The named service is provided by the bind package. The bind package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase bind
CCE-26858-1 Uninstall openldap-servers Package The openldap-servers package should be removed if not in use. Is this system the OpenLDAP server? If not, remove the package. The openldap-servers package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase openldap-servers
The openldap-servers RPM is not installed by default on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 system. It is needed only by the OpenLDAP server, not by the clients which use LDAP for authentication. If the system is not intended for use as an LDAP Server it should be removed.
CCE-27189-0 Configure Certificate Directives for LDAP Use of TLS Ensure a copy of a trusted CA certificate has been placed in the file /etc/pki/tls/CA/cacert.pem. Configure LDAP to enforce TLS use and to trust certificates signed by that CA. First, edit the file /etc/pam_ldap.conf, and add or correct either of the following lines: 
tls_cacertdir /etc/pki/tls/CA
or 
tls_cacertfile /etc/pki/tls/CA/cacert.pem
Then review the LDAP server and ensure TLS has been configured.
CCE-26690-8 Configure LDAP Client to Use TLS For All Transactions This check verifies that Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 implements cryptography to protect the integrity of remote LDAP authentication sessions.

To determine if LDAP is being used for authentication, use the following command: 
$ sudo grep -i useldapauth /etc/sysconfig/authconfig


If USELDAPAUTH=yes, then LDAP is being used. To check if LDAP is configured to use TLS, use the following command: 
$ sudo grep -i ssl /etc/pam_ldap.conf
CCE-80508-5 Configure System to Forward All Mail For The Root Account Set up an alias for root that forwards to a monitored email address: 
$ sudo echo "root: " >> /etc/aliases
$ sudo newaliases
CCE-26780-7 Disable Postfix Network Listening Edit the file /etc/postfix/main.cf to ensure that only the following inet_interfaces line appears: 
inet_interfaces = localhost
CCE-27508-1 Configure SMTP Greeting Banner Edit /etc/postfix/main.cf, and add or correct the following line, substituting some other wording for the banner information if you prefer: 
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP
CCE-27515-6 Uninstall Sendmail Package Sendmail is not the default mail transfer agent and is not installed by default. The sendmail package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase sendmail
CCE-26325-1 Enable Postfix Service The Postfix mail transfer agent is used for local mail delivery within the system. The default configuration only listens for connections to the default SMTP port (port 25) on the loopback interface (127.0.0.1). It is recommended to leave this service enabled for local mail delivery. The postfix service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 postfix on
CCE-27143-7 Disable Samba The smb service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig smb off
CCE-27102-3 Uninstall Samba Package The samba package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase samba
Install the Samba Common Package The samba-common package should be installed. The samba-common package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install samba-common
CCE-26792-2 Require Client SMB Packet Signing, if using mount.cifs Require packet signing of clients who mount Samba shares using the mount.cifs program (e.g., those who specify shares in /etc/fstab). To do so, ensure signing options (either sec=krb5i or sec=ntlmv2i) are used.

See the mount.cifs(8) man page for more information. A Samba client should only communicate with servers who can support SMB packet signing.
CCE-26328-5 Require Client SMB Packet Signing, if using smbclient To require samba clients running smbclient to use packet signing, add the following to the [global] section of the Samba configuration file, /etc/samba/smb.conf: 
client signing = mandatory
Requiring samba clients such as smbclient to use packet signing ensures they can only communicate with servers that support packet signing.
CCE-27533-9 Disable Root Access to SMB Shares Administrators should not use administrator accounts to access Samba file and printer shares. Disable the root user and the wheel administrator group: 
[share]
  invalid users = root @wheel
If administrator accounts cannot be disabled, ensure that local system passwords and Samba service passwords do not match.
CCE-27075-1 Disable httpd Service The httpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig httpd off
CCE-27133-8 Uninstall httpd Package The httpd package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase httpd
CCE-27425-8 Set httpd ServerTokens Directive to Prod ServerTokens Prod restricts information in page headers, returning only the word "Apache."

Add or correct the following directive in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: 
ServerTokens Prod
CCE-27586-7 Set httpd ServerSignature Directive to Off ServerSignature Off restricts httpd from displaying server version number on error pages.

Add or correct the following directive in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: 
ServerSignature Off
CCE-27150-2 Set Permissions on the /var/log/httpd/ Directory Ensure that the permissions on the web server log directory is set to 700: 
$ sudo chmod 700 /var/log/httpd/
This is its default setting.
CCE-27487-8 Set Permissions on the /etc/httpd/conf/ Directory To properly set the permissions of /etc/http/conf, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0750 /etc/http/conf
CCE-27316-9 Set Permissions on All Configuration Files Inside /etc/httpd/conf/ To properly set the permissions of /etc/http/conf/*, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/http/conf/*
Configure firewall to Allow Access to the Web Server By default, iptables blocks access to the ports used by the web server. To configure iptables to allow port 80 traffic, one must edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables (if IPv6 is in use). Add the following line, ensuring that it appears before the final LOG and DROP lines for the INPUT chain: 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
To configure iptables to allow port 443 traffic, one must edit /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables (if IPv6 is in use). Add the following line, ensuring that it appears before the final LOG and DROP lines for the INPUT chain: 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
CCE-27525-5 Install mod_security Install the security module: The mod_security package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install mod_security
CCE-27403-5 Install mod_ssl Install the mod_ssl module: The mod_ssl package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install mod_ssl
CCE-27574-3 Restrict Web Directory The default configuration for the web (/var/www/html) Directory allows directory indexing (Indexes) and the following of symbolic links (FollowSymLinks). Neither of these is recommended.

The /var/www/html directory hierarchy should not be viewable via the web, and symlinks should only be followed if the owner of the symlink also owns the linked file.

Ensure that this policy is adhered to by altering the related section of the configuration: 
<Directory "/var/www/html">
#  ...
   Options SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
#  ...
</Directory>
CCE-27565-1 Restrict Other Critical Directories All accessible web directories should be configured with similarly restrictive settings. The Options directive should be limited to necessary functionality and the AllowOverride directive should be used only if needed. The Order and Deny access control tags should be used to deny access by default, allowing access only where necessary.
CCE-27009-0 Restrict Root Directory The httpd root directory should always have the most restrictive configuration enabled. 
<Directory / >
   Options None
   AllowOverride None
   Order allow,deny
</Directory>
CCE-27581-8 Limit Available Methods Web server methods are defined in section 9 of RFC 2616 ( http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt). If a web server does not require the implementation of all available methods, they should be disabled.

Note: GET and POST are the most common methods. A majority of the others are limited to the WebDAV protocol. 
<Directory /var/www/html>
# ...
   # Only allow specific methods (this command is case-sensitive!)
   <LimitExcept GET POST>
      Order allow,deny
   </LimitExcept>
# ...
</Directory>
CCE-27395-3 Disable LDAP Support The ldap module provides HTTP authentication via an LDAP directory. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related modules: 
#LoadModule ldap_module modules/mod_ldap.so
#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module modules/mod_authnz_ldap.so
If LDAP is to be used, SSL encryption should be used as well.
CCE-27362-3 Disable CGI Support The cgi module allows HTML to interact with the CGI web programming language.

If this functionality is unnecessary, comment out the module: 
#LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
If the web server requires the use of CGI, enable mod_cgi.
CCE-27553-7 Disable HTTP Digest Authentication The auth_digest module provides encrypted authentication sessions. If this functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related module: 
#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
CCE-27468-8 Disable Server Activity Status The status module provides real-time access to statistics on the internal operation of the web server. This may constitute an unnecessary information leak and should be disabled unless necessary. To do so, comment out the related module: 
#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
If there is a critical need for this module, ensure that access to the status page is properly restricted to a limited set of hosts in the status handler configuration.
CCE-27507-3 Disable Web Server Configuration Display The info module creates a web page illustrating the configuration of the web server. This can create an unnecessary security leak and should be disabled. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the module: 
#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
If there is a critical need for this module, use the Location directive to provide an access control list to restrict access to the information.
CCE-27276-5 Disable URL Correction on Misspelled Entries The speling module attempts to find a document match by allowing one misspelling in an otherwise failed request. If this functionality is unnecessary, comment out the module: 
#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
This functionality weakens server security by making site enumeration easier.
CCE-27541-2 Disable MIME Magic The mime_magic module provides a second layer of MIME support that in most configurations is likely extraneous. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related module: 
#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
CCE-27329-2 Disable WebDAV (Distributed Authoring and Versioning) WebDAV is an extension of the HTTP protocol that provides distributed and collaborative access to web content. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related modules: 
#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
If there is a critical need for WebDAV, extra care should be taken in its configuration. Since DAV access allows remote clients to manipulate server files, any location on the server that is DAV enabled should be protected by access controls.
CCE-26859-9 Disable Cache Support The cache module allows httpd to cache data, optimizing access to frequently accessed content. However, it introduces potential security flaws such as the possibility of circumventing Allow and Deny directives.

If this functionality is unnecessary, comment out the module: 
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
If caching is required, it should not be enabled for any limited-access content.
CCE-27570-1 Disable HTTP mod_rewrite The mod_rewrite module is very powerful and can protect against certain classes of web attacks. However, it is also very complex and has a significant history of vulnerabilities itself. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related module: 
#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
CCE-27558-6 Disable Server Side Includes Server Side Includes provide a method of dynamically generating web pages through the insertion of server-side code. However, the technology is also deprecated and introduces significant security concerns. If this functionality is unnecessary, comment out the related module: 
#LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
If there is a critical need for Server Side Includes, they should be enabled with the option IncludesNoExec to prevent arbitrary code execution. Additionally, user supplied data should be encoded to prevent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities.
CCE-27442-3 Disable Proxy Support The proxy module provides proxying support, allowing httpd to forward requests and serve as a gateway for other servers. If its functionality is unnecessary, comment out the module: 
#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
If proxy support is needed, load mod_proxy and the appropriate proxy protocol handler module (one of mod_proxy_http, mod_proxy_ftp, or mod_proxy_connect). Additionally, make certain that a server is secure before enabling proxying, as open proxy servers are a security risk. mod_proxy_balancer enables load balancing, but requires that mod status be enabled.
Configure SSSD's Memory Cache to Expire SSSD's memory cache should be configured to set to expire records after seconds. To configure SSSD to expire memory cache, set memcache_timeout to under the [nss] section in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf. For example: 
[nss]
memcache_timeout =
Configure SSSD to Expire SSH Known Hosts SSSD should be configured to expire keys from known SSH hosts after seconds. To configure SSSD to known SSH hosts, set ssh_known_hosts_timeout to under the [ssh] section in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf. For example: 
[ssh]
ssh_known_hosts_timeout =
Configure SSSD to Expire Offline Credentials SSSD should be configured to expire offline credentials after 1 day. To configure SSSD to expire offline credentials, set offline_credentials_expiration to 1 under the [pam] section in /etc/sssd/sssd.conf. For example: 
[pam]
offline_credentials_expiration = 1
Install the SSSD Package The sssd package should be installed. The sssd package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install sssd
Enable the SSSD Service The SSSD service should be enabled. The sssd service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 sssd on
CCE-26958-9 Specify Additional Remote NTP Servers Additional NTP servers can be specified for time synchronization in the file /etc/ntp.conf. To do so, add additional lines of the following form, substituting the IP address or hostname of a remote NTP server for ntpserver: 
server ntpserver
Install the ntp service The ntpd service should be installed.
CCE-27093-4 Enable the NTP Daemon The ntpd service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on
Enable the NTP Daemon The ntpd service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on
CCE-27098-3 Specify a Remote NTP Server To specify a remote NTP server for time synchronization, edit the file /etc/ntp.conf. Add or correct the following lines, substituting the IP or hostname of a remote NTP server for ntpserver: 
server ntpserver
This instructs the NTP software to contact that remote server to obtain time data.
Enable systemd_timesyncd Service The systemd_timesyncd service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 systemd_timesyncd on
Uninstall Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrt) The Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrt) collects and reports crash data when an application crash is detected. Using a variety of plugins, abrt can email crash reports to system administrators, log crash reports to files, or forward crash reports to a centralized issue tracking system such as RHTSupport. The abrt package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase abrt
CCE-27086-8 Disable Hardware Abstraction Layer Service (haldaemon) The Hardware Abstraction Layer Daemon (haldaemon) collects and maintains information about the system's hardware configuration. This service is required on a workstation running a desktop environment, and may be necessary on any system which deals with removable media or devices. The haldaemon service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig haldaemon off
CCE-26913-4 Disable D-Bus IPC Service (messagebus) D-Bus provides an IPC mechanism used by a growing list of programs, such as those used for Gnome, Bluetooth, and Avahi. Due to these dependencies, disabling D-Bus may not be practical for many systems. The messagebus service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig messagebus off
CCE-27061-1 Disable Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (acpid) The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface Daemon (acpid) dispatches ACPI events (such as power/reset button depressed) to userspace programs. The acpid service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig acpid off
CCE-27261-7 Disable Network Router Discovery Daemon (rdisc) The rdisc service implements the client side of the ICMP Internet Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP), which allows discovery of routers on the local subnet. If a router is discovered then the local routing table is updated with a corresponding default route. By default this daemon is disabled. The rdisc service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rdisc off
CCE-26973-8 Disable CPU Speed (cpuspeed) The cpuspeed service can adjust the clock speed of supported CPUs based upon the current processing load thereby conserving power and reducing heat. The cpuspeed service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig cpuspeed off
CCE-27254-2 Disable Network Console (netconsole) The netconsole service is responsible for loading the netconsole kernel module, which logs kernel printk messages over UDP to a syslog server. This allows debugging of problems where disk logging fails and serial consoles are impractical. The netconsole service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig netconsole off
CCE-27267-4 Disable Certmonger Service (certmonger) Certmonger is a D-Bus based service that attempts to simplify interaction with certifying authorities on networks which use public-key infrastructure. It is often combined with Red Hat's IPA (Identity Policy Audit) security information management solution to aid in the management of certificates. The certmonger service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig certmonger off
CCE-27260-9 Disable Quota Netlink (quota_nld) The quota_nld service provides notifications to users of disk space quota violations. It listens to the kernel via a netlink socket for disk quota violations and notifies the appropriate user of the violation using D-Bus or by sending a message to the terminal that the user has last accessed. The quota_nld service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig quota_nld off
CCE-27259-1 Enable Process Accounting (psacct) The process accounting service, psacct, works with programs including acct and ac to allow system administrators to view user activity, such as commands issued by users of the system. The psacct service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 psacct on
CCE-26846-6 Disable Red Hat Network Service (rhnsd) The Red Hat Network service automatically queries Red Hat Network servers to determine whether there are any actions that should be executed, such as package updates. This only occurs if the system was registered to an RHN server or satellite and managed as such. The rhnsd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rhnsd off
Install the psacct package The process accounting service, psacct, works with programs including acct and ac to allow system administrators to view user activity, such as commands issued by users of the system. The psacct package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install psacct
CCE-27193-2 Disable Software RAID Monitor (mdmonitor) The mdmonitor service is used for monitoring a software RAID array; hardware RAID setups do not use this service. The mdmonitor service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig mdmonitor off
CCE-26990-2 Enable IRQ Balance (irqbalance) The irqbalance service optimizes the balance between power savings and performance through distribution of hardware interrupts across multiple processors. The irqbalance service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 irqbalance on
CCE-27257-5 Disable Odd Job Daemon (oddjobd) The oddjobd service exists to provide an interface and access control mechanism through which specified privileged tasks can run tasks for unprivileged client applications. Communication with oddjobd through the system message bus. The oddjobd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig oddjobd off
CCE-27252-6 Disable Control Group Rules Engine (cgred) The cgred service moves tasks into control groups according to parameters set in the /etc/cgrules.conf configuration file. The cgred service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig cgred off
CCE-26853-2 Disable SMART Disk Monitoring Service (smartd) SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) is a feature of hard drives that allows them to detect symptoms of disk failure and relay an appropriate warning. The smartd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig smartd off
CCE-26928-2 Disable Apache Qpid (qpidd) The qpidd service provides high speed, secure, guaranteed delivery services. It is an implementation of the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol. By default the qpidd service will bind to port 5672 and listen for connection attempts. The qpidd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig qpidd off
CCE-27247-6 Disable Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrtd) The Automatic Bug Reporting Tool (abrtd) daemon collects and reports crash data when an application crash is detected. Using a variety of plugins, abrtd can email crash reports to system administrators, log crash reports to files, or forward crash reports to a centralized issue tracking system such as RHTSupport. The abrtd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig abrtd off
CCE-27250-0 Disable Control Group Config (cgconfig) Control groups allow an administrator to allocate system resources (such as CPU, memory, network bandwidth, etc) among a defined group (or groups) of processes executing on a system. The cgconfig daemon starts at boot and establishes the predefined control groups. The cgconfig service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig cgconfig off
CCE-27263-3 Disable Cyrus SASL Authentication Daemon (saslauthd) The saslauthd service handles plaintext authentication requests on behalf of the SASL library. The service isolates all code requiring superuser privileges for SASL authentication into a single process, and can also be used to provide proxy authentication services to clients that do not understand SASL based authentication. The saslauthd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig saslauthd off
CCE-27256-7 Disable ntpdate Service (ntpdate) The ntpdate service sets the local hardware clock by polling NTP servers when the system boots. It synchronizes to the NTP servers listed in /etc/ntp/step-tickers or /etc/ntp.conf and then sets the local hardware clock to the newly synchronized system time. The ntpdate service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig ntpdate off
CCE-26850-8 Disable KDump Kernel Crash Analyzer (kdump) The kdump service provides a kernel crash dump analyzer. It uses the kexec system call to boot a secondary kernel ("capture" kernel) following a system crash, which can load information from the crashed kernel for analysis. The kdump service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig kdump off
CCE-27262-5 Disable Red Hat Subscription Manager Daemon (rhsmcertd) The Red Hat Subscription Manager (rhsmcertd) periodically checks for changes in the entitlement certificates for a registered system and updates it accordingly. The rhsmcertd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rhsmcertd off
CCE-27258-3 Disable Portreserve (portreserve) The portreserve service is a TCP port reservation utility that can be used to prevent portmap from binding to well known TCP ports that are required for other services. The portreserve service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig portreserve off
CCE-27265-8 Disable System Statistics Reset Service (sysstat) The sysstat service resets various I/O and CPU performance statistics to zero in order to begin counting from a fresh state at boot time. The sysstat service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig sysstat off
CCE-26977-9 Uninstall squid Package The squid package can be removed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum erase squid
CCE-27146-0 Disable Squid The squid service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig squid off
CCE-27021-5 Disable DHCP Client in ifcfg For each interface on the system (e.g. eth0), edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface and make the following changes:
  • Correct the BOOTPROTO line to read: 
    BOOTPROTO=none
  • Add or correct the following lines, substituting the appropriate values based on your site's addressing scheme: 
    NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=192.168.1.2
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
CCE-27077-7 Deny BOOTP Queries Unless your network needs to support older BOOTP clients, disable support for the bootp protocol by adding or correcting the global option: 
deny bootp;
CCE-27106-4 Deny Decline Messages Edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf and add or correct the following global option to prevent the DHCP server from responding the DHCPDECLINE messages, if possible: 
deny declines;
Minimize Served Information Edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf. Examine each address range section within the file, and ensure that the following options are not defined unless there is an operational need to provide this information via DHCP: 
option domain-name
option domain-name-servers
option nis-domain
option nis-servers
option ntp-servers
option routers
option time-offset
CCE-27049-6 Do Not Use Dynamic DNS To prevent the DHCP server from receiving DNS information from clients, edit /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf, and add or correct the following global option: 
ddns-update-style none;
CCE-26898-7 Configure Logging Ensure that the following line exists in /etc/rsyslog.conf: 
daemon.*           /var/log/daemon.log
Configure logwatch or other log monitoring tools to summarize error conditions reported by the dhcpd process.
CCE-27120-5 Uninstall DHCP Server Package If the system does not need to act as a DHCP server, the dhcp package can be uninstalled. The dhcp package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase dhcp
CCE-27074-4 Disable DHCP Service The dhcpd service should be disabled on any system that does not need to act as a DHCP server. The dhcpd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig dhcpd off
Minimize the DHCP-Configured Options Create the file /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf, and add an appropriate setting for each of the ten configuration settings which can be obtained via DHCP. For each setting, do one of the following:
If the setting should not be configured remotely by the DHCP server, select an appropriate static value, and add the line: 
supersede setting value;
If the setting should be configured remotely by the DHCP server, add the lines: 
request setting;
require setting;
For example, suppose the DHCP server should provide only the IP address itself and the subnet mask. Then the entire file should look like: 
supersede domain-name "example.com";
supersede domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
supersede nis-domain "";
supersede nis-servers "";
supersede ntp-servers "ntp.example.com ";
supersede routers 192.168.1.1;
supersede time-offset -18000;
request subnet-mask;
require subnet-mask;
CCE-27087-6 Disable Avahi Server Software The avahi-daemon service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig avahi-daemon off
CCE-27340-9 Check Avahi Responses' TTL Field To make Avahi ignore packets unless the TTL field is 255, edit /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf and ensure the following line appears in the [server] section: 
check-response-ttl=yes
CCE-27526-3 Disable Avahi Publishing To prevent Avahi from publishing its records, edit /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf and ensure the following line appears in the [publish] section: 
disable-publishing=yes
CCE-27300-3 Restrict Information Published by Avahi If it is necessary to publish some information to the network, it should not be joined by any extraneous information, or by information supplied by a non-trusted source on the system. Prevent user applications from using Avahi to publish services by adding or correcting the following line in the [publish] section: 
disable-user-service-publishing=yes
Implement as many of the following lines as possible, to restrict the information published by Avahi. 
publish-addresses=no
publish-hinfo=no
publish-workstation=no
publish-domain=no
Inspect the files in the directory /etc/avahi/services/. Unless there is an operational need to publish information about each of these services, delete the corresponding file.
CCE-27590-9 Serve Avahi Only via Required Protocol If you are using only IPv4, edit /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf and ensure the following line exists in the [server] section: 
use-ipv6=no
Similarly, if you are using only IPv6, disable IPv4 sockets with the line: 
use-ipv4=no
CCE-27308-6 Prevent Other Programs from Using Avahi's Port To prevent other mDNS stacks from running, edit /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf and ensure the following line appears in the [server] section: 
disallow-other-stacks=yes
Uninstall the nis package The support for Yellowpages should not be installed unless it is required.
Uninstall the telnet server The telnet daemon should be uninstalled.
Uninstall the ntpdate package ntpdate is a historical ntp synchronization client for unixes. It sould be uninstalled.
Uninstall the ssl compliant telnet server The telnet daemon, even with ssl support, should be uninstalled.
Uninstall the inet-based telnet server The inet-based telnet daemon should be uninstalled.
CCE-27138-7 Use Root-Squashing on All Exports If a filesystem is exported using root squashing, requests from root on the client are considered to be unprivileged (mapped to a user such as nobody). This provides some mild protection against remote abuse of an NFS server. Root squashing is enabled by default, and should not be disabled.

Ensure that no line in /etc/exports contains the option no_root_squash.
CCE-80505-1 Ensure All-Squashing Disabled On All Exports The all_squash maps all uids and gids to an anonymous user. This should be disabled by removing any instances of the all_squash option from the file /etc/exports.
CCE-27121-3 Restrict NFS Clients to Privileged Ports By default, the server NFS implementation requires that all client requests be made from ports less than 1024. If your organization has control over systems connected to its network, and if NFS requests are prohibited at the border firewall, this offers some protection against malicious requests from unprivileged users. Therefore, the default should not be changed.

To ensure that the default has not been changed, ensure no line in /etc/exports contains the option insecure.
CCE-27167-6 Ensure Insecure File Locking is Not Allowed By default the NFS server requires secure file-lock requests, which require credentials from the client in order to lock a file. Most NFS clients send credentials with file lock requests, however, there are a few clients that do not send credentials when requesting a file-lock, allowing the client to only be able to lock world-readable files. To get around this, the insecure_locks option can be used so these clients can access the desired export. This poses a security risk by potentially allowing the client access to data for which it does not have authorization. Remove any instances of the insecure_locks option from the file /etc/exports.
CCE-26864-9 Disable Secure RPC Client Service (rpcgssd) The rpcgssd service manages RPCSEC GSS contexts required to secure protocols that use RPC (most often Kerberos and NFS). The rpcgssd service is the client-side of RPCSEC GSS. If the system does not require secure RPC then this service should be disabled. The rpcgssd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rpcgssd off
CCE-26870-6 Disable RPC ID Mapping Service (rpcidmapd) The rpcidmapd service is used to map user names and groups to UID and GID numbers on NFSv4 mounts. If NFS is not in use on the local system then this service should be disabled. The rpcidmapd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rpcidmapd off
CCE-27104-9 Disable Network File System Lock Service (nfslock) The Network File System Lock (nfslock) service starts the required remote procedure call (RPC) processes which allow clients to lock files on the server. If the local system is not configured to mount NFS filesystems then this service should be disabled. The nfslock service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig nfslock off
CCE-27430-8 Disable rpcbind Service The rpcbind utility maps RPC services to the ports on which they listen. RPC processes notify rpcbind when they start, registering the ports they are listening on and the RPC program numbers they expect to serve. The rpcbind service redirects the client to the proper port number so it can communicate with the requested service. If the system does not require RPC (such as for NFS servers) then this service should be disabled. The rpcbind service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rpcbind off
CCE-27137-9 Disable Network File Systems (netfs) The netfs script manages the boot-time mounting of several types of networked filesystems, of which NFS and Samba are the most common. If these filesystem types are not in use, the script can be disabled, protecting the system somewhat against accidental or malicious changes to /etc/fstab and against flaws in the netfs script itself. The netfs service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig netfs off
CCE-27063-7 Configure lockd to use static UDP port Configure the lockd daemon to use a static UDP port as opposed to letting the RPC Bind service dynamically assign a port. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/nfs. Add or correct the following line: 
LOCKD_UDPPORT=lockd-port
Where lockd-port is a port which is not used by any other service on your network.
CCE-27149-4 Configure lockd to use static TCP port Configure the lockd daemon to use a static TCP port as opposed to letting the RPC Bind service dynamically assign a port. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/nfs. Add or correct the following line: 
LOCKD_TCPPORT=lockd-port
Where lockd-port is a port which is not used by any other service on your network.
CCE-26889-6 Configure statd to use static port Configure the statd daemon to use a static port as opposed to letting the RPC Bind service dynamically assign a port. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/nfs. Add or correct the following line: 
STATD_PORT=statd-port
Where statd-port is a port which is not used by any other service on your network.
CCE-27114-8 Configure mountd to use static port Configure the mountd daemon to use a static port as opposed to letting the RPC Bind service dynamically assign a port. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/nfs. Add or correct the following line: 
MOUNTD_PORT=statd-port
Where mountd-port is a port which is not used by any other service on your network.
CCE-26972-0 Mount Remote Filesystems with nosuid Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any NFS mounts.
CCE-27090-0 Mount Remote Filesystems with nodev Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any NFS mounts.
CCE-27414-2 Specify UID and GID for Anonymous NFS Connections To specify the UID and GID for remote root users, edit the /etc/exports file and add the following for each export: 
anonuid=value greater than UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs
anongid=value greater than GID_MAX from /etc/login.defs
Note that a value of "-1" is technically acceptable as this will randomize the anonuid and anongid values on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 based NFS server. While acceptable from a security perspective, a value of -1 may cause interoperability issues, particularly with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 client systems. Alternatively, functionally equivalent values of 60001, 65534, 65535 may be used.
CCE-27122-1 Disable Secure RPC Server Service (rpcsvcgssd) The rpcsvcgssd service manages RPCSEC GSS contexts required to secure protocols that use RPC (most often Kerberos and NFS). The rpcsvcgssd service is the server-side of RPCSEC GSS. If the system does not require secure RPC then this service should be disabled. The rpcsvcgssd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig rpcsvcgssd off
CCE-27199-9 Disable Network File System (nfs) The Network File System (NFS) service allows remote hosts to mount and interact with shared filesystems on the local system. If the local system is not designated as a NFS server then this service should be disabled. The nfs service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig nfs off
CCE-27108-0 Disable Printer Browsing Entirely if Possible By default, CUPS listens on the network for printer list broadcasts on UDP port 631. This functionality is called printer browsing. To disable printer browsing entirely, edit the CUPS configuration file, located at /etc/cups/cupsd.conf, to include the following: 
Browsing Off
BrowseAllow none
CCE-27107-2 Disable Print Server Capabilities To prevent remote users from potentially connecting to and using locally configured printers, disable the CUPS print server sharing capabilities. To do so, limit how the server will listen for print jobs by removing the more generic port directive from /etc/cups/cupsd.conf: 
Port 631
and replacing it with the Listen directive: 
Listen localhost:631
This will prevent remote users from printing to locally configured printers while still allowing local users on the system to print normally.
CCE-26899-5 Disable the CUPS Service The cups service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig cups off
Enable Use of Strict Mode Checking SSHs StrictModes option checks file and ownership permissions in the user's home directory .ssh folder before accepting login. If world- writable permissions are found, logon is rejected. To enable StrictModes in SSH, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
StrictModes yes
Disable SSH Support for User Known Hosts SSH can allow system users user host-based authentication to connect to systems if a cache of the remote systems public keys are available. This should be disabled.

To ensure this behavior is disabled, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
CCE-26887-0 Disable SSH Access via Empty Passwords To explicitly disallow SSH login from accounts with empty passwords, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
PermitEmptyPasswords no

Any accounts with empty passwords should be disabled immediately, and PAM configuration should prevent users from being able to assign themselves empty passwords.
CCE-26282-4 Set SSH Client Alive Max Count To ensure the SSH idle timeout occurs precisely when the ClientAliveInterval is set, edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config as follows: 
ClientAliveCountMax
Disable SSH Support for Rhosts RSA Authentication SSH can allow authentication through the obsolete rsh command through the use of the authenticating user's SSH keys. This should be disabled.

To ensure this behavior is disabled, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
CCE-27556-0 Limit Users' SSH Access By default, the SSH configuration allows any user with an account to access the system. In order to specify the users that are allowed to login via SSH and deny all other users, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
DenyUsers USER1 USER2
Where USER1 and USER2 are valid user names.
CCE-27112-2 Enable SSH Warning Banner To enable the warning banner and ensure it is consistent across the system, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
Banner /etc/issue
Another section contains information on how to create an appropriate system-wide warning banner.
Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated MACs Limit the MACs to those hash algorithms which are FIPS-approved. The following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config demonstrates use of FIPS-approved MACs: 
MACs hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha1
The man page sshd_config(5) contains a list of supported MACs.
Set LogLevel to INFO The INFO parameter specifices that record login and logout activity will be logged. To specify the log level in SSH, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
LogLevel INFO
Disable Kerberos Authentication Unless needed, SSH should not permit extraneous or unnecessary authentication mechanisms like Kerberos. To disable Kerberos authentication, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
KerberosAuthentication no
CCE-27072-8 Allow Only SSH Protocol 2 Only SSH protocol version 2 connections should be permitted. The default setting in /etc/ssh/sshd_config is correct, and can be verified by ensuring that the following line appears: 
Protocol 2
CCE-27124-7 Disable SSH Support for .rhosts Files SSH can emulate the behavior of the obsolete rsh command in allowing users to enable insecure access to their accounts via .rhosts files.

To ensure this behavior is disabled, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
IgnoreRhosts yes
CCE-26919-1 Set SSH Idle Timeout Interval SSH allows administrators to set an idle timeout interval. After this interval has passed, the idle user will be automatically logged out.

To set an idle timeout interval, edit the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config as follows: 
ClientAliveInterval
The timeout interval is given in seconds. To have a timeout of 15 minutes, set interval to 900.

If a shorter timeout has already been set for the login shell, that value will preempt any SSH setting made here. Keep in mind that some processes may stop SSH from correctly detecting that the user is idle.
CCE-27201-3 Do Not Allow SSH Environment Options To ensure users are not able to override environment options to the SSH daemon, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
PermitUserEnvironment no
Enable Encrypted X11 Forwarding By default, remote X11 connections are not encrypted when initiated by users. SSH has the capability to encrypt remote X11 connections when SSH's X11Forwarding option is enabled.

To enable X11 Forwarding, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
X11Forwarding yes
CCE-26555-3 Use Only FIPS 140-2 Validated Ciphers Limit the ciphers to those algorithms which are FIPS-approved. Counter (CTR) mode is also preferred over cipher-block chaining (CBC) mode. The following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config demonstrates use of FIPS-approved ciphers: 
Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc
The man page sshd_config(5) contains a list of supported ciphers.
CCE-27091-8 Disable Host-Based Authentication SSH's cryptographic host-based authentication is more secure than .rhosts authentication. However, it is not recommended that hosts unilaterally trust one another, even within an organization.

To disable host-based authentication, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
HostbasedAuthentication no
Set SSH authentication attempt limit The MaxAuthTries parameter specifies the maximum number of authentication attempts permitted per connection. Once the number of failures reaches half this value, additional failures are logged. to set MaxAUthTries edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config as follows: 
MaxAuthTries tries
Use Only Strong MACs Limit the MACs to strong hash algorithms. The following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config demonstrates use of those MACs: 
MACs hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-ripemd160
Enable Use of Privilege Separation When enabled, SSH will create an unprivileged child process that has the privilege of the authenticated user. To enable privilege separation in SSH, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
CCE-80504-4 Enable SSH Print Last Log When enabled, SSH will display the date and time of the last successful account logon. To enable LastLog in SSH, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
PrintLastLog yes
Use Only Strong Ciphers Limit the ciphers to strong algorithms. Counter (CTR) mode is also preferred over cipher-block chaining (CBC) mode. The following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config demonstrates use of those ciphers: 
Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr
chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-ctr,aes128-ctr
The man page sshd_config(5) contains a list of supported ciphers.
Disable GSSAPI Authentication Unless needed, SSH should not permit extraneous or unnecessary authentication mechanisms like GSSAPI. To disable GSSAPI authentication, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
GSSAPIAuthentication no
Disable Compression Or Set Compression to delayed Compression is useful for slow network connections over long distances but can cause performance issues on local LANs. If use of compression is required, it should be enabled only after a user has authenticated; otherwise , it should be disabled. To disable compression or delay compression until after a user has successfully authenticated, add or correct the following line in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file: 
Compression no
or 
Compression delayed
CCE-27100-7 Disable SSH Root Login The root user should never be allowed to login to a system directly over a network. To disable root login via SSH, add or correct the following line in /etc/ssh/sshd_config: 
PermitRootLogin no
CCE-27054-6 Disable SSH Server If Possible (Unusual) The SSH server service, sshd, is commonly needed. However, if it can be disabled, do so. The sshd service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig sshd off
This is unusual, as SSH is a common method for encrypted and authenticated remote access.
Verify Permissions on SSH Server Public *.pub Key Files To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/*.pub, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/ssh/*.pub
Verify Permissions on SSH Server Private *_key Key Files To properly set the permissions of /etc/ssh/*_key, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/ssh/*_key
CCE-27060-3 Remove SSH Server iptables Firewall exception (Unusual) By default, inbound connections to SSH's port are allowed. If the SSH server is not being used, this exception should be removed from the firewall configuration.

Edit the files /etc/sysconfig/iptables and /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables (if IPv6 is in use). In each file, locate and delete the line: 
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
This is unusual, as SSH is a common method for encrypted and authenticated remote access.
CCE-26801-1 Ensure Logs Sent To Remote Host To configure rsyslog to send logs to a remote log server, open /etc/rsyslog.conf and read and understand the last section of the file, which describes the multiple directives necessary to activate remote logging. Along with these other directives, the system can be configured to forward its logs to a particular log server by adding or correcting one of the following lines, substituting loghost.example.com appropriately. The choice of protocol depends on the environment of the system; although TCP and RELP provide more reliable message delivery, they may not be supported in all environments.
To use UDP for log message delivery: 
*.* @loghost.example.com

To use TCP for log message delivery: 
*.* @@loghost.example.com

To use RELP for log message delivery: 
*.* :omrelp:loghost.example.com

There must be a resolvable DNS CNAME or Alias record set to "" for logs to be sent correctly to the centralized logging utility.
CCE-26812-8 Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate User The owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be . These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's owner: 
$ ls -l LOGFILE
If the owner is not , run the following command to correct this: 
$ sudo chown  LOGFILE
CCE-26821-9 Ensure Log Files Are Owned By Appropriate Group The group-owner of all log files written by rsyslog should be . These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's group owner: 
$ ls -l LOGFILE
If the owner is not , run the following command to correct this: 
$ sudo chgrp  LOGFILE
CCE-27190-8 Ensure System Log Files Have Correct Permissions The file permissions for all log files written by rsyslog should be set to 600, or more restrictive. These log files are determined by the second part of each Rule line in /etc/rsyslog.conf and typically all appear in /var/log. For each log file LOGFILE referenced in /etc/rsyslog.conf, run the following command to inspect the file's permissions: 
$ ls -l LOGFILE
If the permissions are not 600 or more restrictive, run the following command to correct this: 
$ sudo chmod 0600 LOGFILE
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Ensure syslog-ng is Installed syslog-ng can be installed in replacement of rsyslog. The syslog-ng-core package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install syslog-ng-core
Enable syslog-ng Service The syslog-ng service (in replacement of rsyslog) provides syslog-style logging by default on Debian 8. The syslog-ng service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 syslog-ng on
CCE-27236-9 Enable rsyslog to Accept Messages via UDP, if Acting As Log Server The rsyslog daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. If the system needs to act as a central log server, add the following lines to /etc/rsyslog.conf to enable reception of messages over UDP: 
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
CCE-26803-7 Ensure rsyslog Does Not Accept Remote Messages Unless Acting As Log Server The rsyslog daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. To ensure that it is not listening on the network, ensure the following lines are not found in /etc/rsyslog.conf: 
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun port
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun port
$ModLoad imrelp
$InputRELPServerRun port
CCE-27235-1 Enable rsyslog to Accept Messages via TCP, if Acting As Log Server The rsyslog daemon should not accept remote messages unless the system acts as a log server. If the system needs to act as a central log server, add the following lines to /etc/rsyslog.conf to enable reception of messages over TCP: 
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
CCE-27069-4 Configure Logwatch SplitHosts Line If SplitHosts is set, Logwatch will separate entries by hostname. This makes the report longer but significantly more usable. If it is not set, then Logwatch will not report which host generated a given log entry, and that information is almost always necessary 
 SplitHosts = yes
CCE-27197-3 Configure Logwatch HostLimit Line On a central logserver, you want Logwatch to summarize all syslog entries, including those which did not originate on the logserver itself. The HostLimit setting tells Logwatch to report on all hosts, not just the one on which it is running. 
 HostLimit = no
CCE-27014-0 Ensure Logrotate Runs Periodically The logrotate utility allows for the automatic rotation of log files. The frequency of rotation is specified in /etc/logrotate.conf, which triggers a cron task. To configure logrotate to run daily, add or correct the following line in /etc/logrotate.conf: 
# rotate log files frequency
daily
CCE-27162-7 Disable Logwatch on Clients if a Logserver Exists Does your site have a central logserver which has been configured to report on logs received from all systems? If so: 
$ sudo rm /etc/cron.daily/0logwatch
If no logserver exists, it will be necessary for each system to run Logwatch individually. Using a central logserver provides the security and reliability benefits discussed earlier, and also makes monitoring logs easier and less time-intensive for administrators.
CCE-26807-8 Enable rsyslog Service The rsyslog service provides syslog-style logging by default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6. The rsyslog service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 rsyslog on
CCE-26809-4 Ensure rsyslog is Installed Rsyslog is installed by default. The rsyslog package can be installed with the following command: 
 $ sudo yum install rsyslog
Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets for Interfaces By Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
Disable Kernel Parameter for IPv6 Forwarding To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting IPv6 Source-Routed Packets for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
Configure Accepting IPv6 Redirects on All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
CCE-27164-3 Configure Accepting IPv6 Router Advertisements by Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_ra = 0
Configure Accepting IPv6 Router Advertisements on All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.all.accept_ra = 0
CCE-27166-8 Configure Accepting IPv6 Redirects By Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv6.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
CCE-27234-4 Manually Assign IPv6 Router Address Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface, and add or correct the following line (substituting your gateway IP as appropriate): 
IPV6_DEFAULTGW=2001:0DB8::0001
Router addresses should be manually set and not accepted via any auto-configuration or router advertisement.
CCE-27154-4 Use Privacy Extensions for Address To introduce randomness into the automatic generation of IPv6 addresses, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface: 
IPV6_PRIVACY=rfc3041
Automatically-generated IPv6 addresses are based on the underlying hardware (e.g. Ethernet) address, and so it becomes possible to track a piece of hardware over its lifetime using its traffic. If it is important for a system's IP address to not trivially reveal its hardware address, this setting should be applied.
CCE-27233-6 Manually Assign Global IPv6 Address To manually assign an IP address for an interface, edit the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-interface. Add or correct the following line (substituting the correct IPv6 address): 
IPV6ADDR=2001:0DB8::ABCD/64
Manually assigning an IP address is preferable to accepting one from routers or from the network otherwise. The example address here is an IPv6 address reserved for documentation purposes, as defined by RFC3849.
CCE-27161-9 Disable Interface Usage of IPv6 To disable interface usage of IPv6, add or correct the following lines in /etc/sysconfig/network: 
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
IPV6INIT=no
CCE-27232-8 Disable Support for RPC IPv6 RPC services for NFSv4 try to load transport modules for udp6 and tcp6 by default, even if IPv6 has been disabled in /etc/modprobe.d. To prevent RPC services such as rpc.mountd from attempting to start IPv6 network listeners, remove or comment out the following two lines in /etc/netconfig: 
udp6       tpi_clts      v     inet6    udp     -       -
tcp6       tpi_cots_ord  v     inet6    tcp     -       -
CCE-27153-6 Disable IPv6 Networking Support Automatic Loading To prevent the IPv6 kernel module (ipv6) from binding to the IPv6 networking stack, add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/disabled.conf (or another file in /etc/modprobe.d): 
options ipv6 disable=1
This permits the IPv6 module to be loaded (and thus satisfy other modules that depend on it), while disabling support for the IPv6 protocol.
CCE-27626-1 Install libreswan Package The Libreswan package provides an implementation of IPsec and IKE, which permits the creation of secure tunnels over untrusted networks. The libreswan package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install libreswan
CCE-27006-6 Verify ip6tables Enabled if Using IPv6 The ip6tables service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 ip6tables on
CCE-27317-7 Set Default ip6tables Policy for Incoming Packets To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables: 
:INPUT DROP [0:0]
If changes were required, reload the ip6tables rules: 
$ sudo service ip6tables reload
CCE-27018-1 Verify iptables Enabled The iptables service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 iptables on
CCE-27186-6 Set Default iptables Policy for Forwarded Packets To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in FORWARD chain which processes packets that will be forwarded from one interface to another, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/iptables: 
:FORWARD DROP [0:0]
CCE-26444-0 Set Default iptables Policy for Incoming Packets To set the default policy to DROP (instead of ACCEPT) for the built-in INPUT chain which processes incoming packets, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/iptables: 
:INPUT DROP [0:0]
CCE-26983-7 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Source-Routed Packets By Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
CCE-26831-8 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects By Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
CCE-26883-9 Configure Kernel Parameter to Ignore ICMP Broadcast Echo Requests To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
CCE-27015-7 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects By Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
CCE-26915-9 Configure Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering by Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
CCE-26854-0 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting Secure Redirects for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
CCE-27037-1 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting IPv4 Source-Routed Packets for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
CCE-27027-2 Configure Kernel Parameter for Accepting ICMP Redirects for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
CCE-27066-0 Configure Kernel Parameter to Log Martian Packets To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1
CCE-26979-5 Configure Kernel Parameter to Use Reverse Path Filtering for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
CCE-26993-6 Configure Kernel Parameter to Ignore Bogus ICMP Error Responses To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
CCE-27053-8 Configure Kernel Parameter to Use TCP Syncookies To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
CCE-26866-4 Disable Kernel Parameter for IP Forwarding To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.ip_forward kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
CCE-27004-1 Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects for All Interfaces To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
CCE-27001-7 Disable Kernel Parameter for Sending ICMP Redirects by Default To set the runtime status of the net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
CCE-26448-1 Disable DCCP Support The Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) is a relatively new transport layer protocol, designed to support streaming media and telephony. To configure the system to prevent the dccp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install dccp /bin/true
CCE-26239-4 Disable RDS Support The Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol is a transport layer protocol designed to provide reliable high- bandwidth, low-latency communications between nodes in a cluster. To configure the system to prevent the rds kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install rds /bin/true
CCE-26696-5 Disable TIPC Support The Transparent Inter-Process Communication (TIPC) protocol is designed to provide communications between nodes in a cluster. To configure the system to prevent the tipc kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install tipc /bin/true
CCE-26410-1 Disable SCTP Support The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol, designed to support the idea of message-oriented communication, with several streams of messages within one connection. To configure the system to prevent the sctp kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install sctp /bin/true
CCE-26763-3 Disable Bluetooth Kernel Modules The kernel's module loading system can be configured to prevent loading of the Bluetooth module. Add the following to the appropriate /etc/modprobe.d configuration file to prevent the loading of the Bluetooth module: 
install bluetooth /bin/true
CCE-26878-9 Disable WiFi or Bluetooth in BIOS Some machines that include built-in wireless support offer the ability to disable the device through the BIOS. This is hardware-specific; consult your hardware manual or explore the BIOS setup during boot.
CCE-27081-9 Disable Bluetooth Service The bluetooth service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig bluetooth off
$ sudo service bluetooth stop
CCE-27057-9 Deactivate Wireless Network Interfaces Deactivating wireless network interfaces should prevent normal usage of the wireless capability.

Configure the system to disable all wireless network interfaces with the following command: 
$ sudo nmcli radio wifi off
CCE-27152-8 Ensure System is Not Acting as a Network Sniffer The system should not be acting as a network sniffer, which can capture all traffic on the network to which it is connected. Run the following to determine if any interface is running in promiscuous mode: 
$ ip link | grep PROMISC
CCE-27151-0 Disable Zeroconf Networking Zeroconf networking allows the system to assign itself an IP address and engage in IP communication without a statically-assigned address or even a DHCP server. Automatic address assignment via Zeroconf (or DHCP) is not recommended. To disable Zeroconf automatic route assignment in the 169.254.0.0 subnet, add or correct the following line in /etc/sysconfig/network: 
NOZEROCONF=yes
IOMMU configuration directive On x86 architecture supporting VT-d, the IOMMU manages the access control policy between the hardware devices and some of the system critical units such as the memory.
CCE-26956-3 Ensure SELinux Not Disabled in /etc/grub.conf SELinux can be disabled at boot time by an argument in /etc/grub.conf. Remove any instances of selinux=0 from the kernel arguments in that file to prevent SELinux from being disabled at boot.
CCE-27404-3 Uninstall mcstrans Package The mcstransd daemon provides category label information to client processes requesting information. The label translations are defined in /etc/selinux/targeted/setrans.conf. The mcstrans package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase mcstrans
CCE-26875-5 Configure SELinux Policy The SELinux targeted policy is appropriate for general-purpose desktops and servers, as well as systems in many other roles. To configure the system to use this policy, add or correct the following line in /etc/selinux/config: 
SELINUXTYPE=
Other policies, such as mls, provide additional security labeling and greater confinement but are not compatible with many general-purpose use cases.
CCE-27421-7 Uninstall setroubleshoot Package The SETroubleshoot service notifies desktop users of SELinux denials. The service provides information around configuration errors, unauthorized intrusions, and other potential errors. The setroubleshoot package can be removed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum erase setroubleshoot
CCE-27111-4 Ensure No Daemons are Unconfined by SELinux Daemons for which the SELinux policy does not contain rules will inherit the context of the parent process. Because daemons are launched during startup and descend from the init process, they inherit the initrc_t context.

To check for unconfined daemons, run the following command: 
$ sudo ps -eZ | egrep "initrc" | egrep -vw "tr|ps|egrep|bash|awk" | tr ':' ' ' | awk '{ print $NF }'
It should produce no output in a well-configured system.
CCE-26774-0 Ensure No Device Files are Unlabeled by SELinux Device files, which are used for communication with important system resources, should be labeled with proper SELinux types. If any device files do not carry the SELinux type device_t, report the bug so that policy can be corrected. Supply information about what the device is and what programs use it.

To check for unlabeled device files, run the following command: 
$ sudo find /dev -context *:device_t:* \( -type c -o -type b \) -printf "%p %Z\n"
It should produce no output in a well-configured system.
CCE-26969-6 Ensure SELinux State is Enforcing The SELinux state should be set to at system boot time. In the file /etc/selinux/config, add or correct the following line to configure the system to boot into enforcing mode: 
SELINUX=
CCE-26991-0 Enable the SELinux Context Restoration Service (restorecond) The restorecond service utilizes inotify to look for the creation of new files listed in the /etc/selinux/restorecond.conf configuration file. When a file is created, restorecond ensures the file receives the proper SELinux security context. The restorecond service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 restorecond on
Set Enterprise Application to travel mode Configure the Enterprise Application to travel mode.
CCE-26911-8 Set Boot Loader Password in grub.conf The grub boot loader should have password protection enabled to protect boot-time settings. To do so, select a password and then generate a hash from it by running the following command: 
$ grub-crypt --sha-512
When prompted to enter a password, insert the following line into /etc/grub.conf immediately after the header comments. (Use the output from grub-crypt as the value of password-hash): 
password --encrypted password-hash
NOTE: To meet FISMA Moderate, the bootloader password MUST differ from the root password.
CCE-26995-1 Verify /etc/grub.conf User Ownership The file /etc/grub.conf should be owned by the root user to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To properly set the owner of /etc/grub.conf, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /etc/grub.conf
CCE-27022-3 Verify /etc/grub.conf Group Ownership The file /etc/grub.conf should be group-owned by the root group to prevent destruction or modification of the file. To properly set the group owner of /etc/grub.conf, run the command: 
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/grub.conf
CCE-26949-8 Verify /boot/grub/grub.conf Permissions File permissions for /boot/grub/grub.conf should be set to 600, which is the default. To properly set the permissions of /boot/grub/grub.conf, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 600 /boot/grub/grub.conf
CCE-27047-0 Restrict Serial Port Root Logins To restrict root logins on serial ports, ensure lines of this form do not appear in /etc/securetty: 
ttyS0
ttyS1
CCE-27125-4 Root Path Must Be Vendor Default Assuming root shell is bash, edit the following files: 
~/.profile
~/.bashrc
Change any PATH variables to the vendor default for root and remove any empty PATH entries or references to relative paths.
CCE-26891-2 Direct root Logins Not Allowed To further limit access to the root account, administrators can disable root logins at the console by editing the /etc/securetty file. This file lists all devices the root user is allowed to login to. If the file does not exist at all, the root user can login through any communication device on the system, whether via the console or via a raw network interface. This is dangerous as user can login to the system as root via Telnet, which sends the password in plain text over the network. By default, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6's /etc/securetty file only allows the root user to login at the console physically attached to the system. To prevent root from logging in, remove the contents of this file. To prevent direct root logins, remove the contents of this file by typing the following command: 
$ sudo echo > /etc/securetty
CCE-26795-5 Restrict Web Browser Use for Administrative Accounts Enforce policy requiring administrative accounts use web browsers only for local service administration.
CCE-80510-1 Ensure that System Accounts Are Locked Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative function. An attacker should not be able to log into these accounts.

System accounts are those user accounts with a user ID less than UID_MIN, where value of the UID_MIN directive is set in /etc/login.defs configuration file. In the default configuration UID_MIN is set to 500, thus system accounts are those user accounts with a user ID less than 500. If any system account SYSACCT (other than root) has an unlocked password, disable it with the command: 
$ sudo passwd -l SYSACCT
CCE-26855-7 Restrict Virtual Console Root Logins To restrict root logins through the (deprecated) virtual console devices, ensure lines of this form do not appear in /etc/securetty: 
vc/1
vc/2
vc/3
vc/4
CCE-26966-2 Ensure that System Accounts Do Not Run a Shell Upon Login Some accounts are not associated with a human user of the system, and exist to perform some administrative function. Should an attacker be able to log into these accounts, they should not be granted access to a shell.

The login shell for each local account is stored in the last field of each line in /etc/passwd. System accounts are those user accounts with a user ID less than UID_MIN, where value of UID_MIN directive is set in /etc/login.defs configuration file. In the default configuration UID_MIN is set to 1000, thus system accounts are those user accounts with a user ID less than 1000. The user ID is stored in the third field. If any system account SYSACCT (other than root) has a login shell, disable it with the command: 
$ sudo usermod -s /sbin/nologin SYSACCT
CCE-26971-2 Verify Only Root Has UID 0 If any account other than root has a UID of 0, this misconfiguration should be investigated and the accounts other than root should be removed or have their UID changed.
If the account is associated with system commands or applications the UID should be changed to one greater than "0" but less than "1000." Otherwise assign a UID greater than "1000" that has not already been assigned.
CCE-80509-3 Use Centralized and Automated Authentication Implement an automated system for managing user accounts that minimizes the risk of errors, either intentional or deliberate. This system should integrate with an existing enterprise user management system, such as one based on Identity Management tools such as Active Directory, Kerberos, Directory Server, etc.
CCE-27609-7 Ensure All Accounts on the System Have Unique Names Change usernames, or delete accounts, so each has a unique name.
CCE-27283-1 Set Account Expiration Following Inactivity To specify the number of days after a password expires (which signifies inactivity) until an account is permanently disabled, add or correct the following lines in /etc/default/useradd, substituting NUM_DAYS appropriately: 
INACTIVE=
A value of 35 is recommended; however, this profile expects that the value is set to . If a password is currently on the verge of expiration, then 35 days remain until the account is automatically disabled. However, if the password will not expire for another 60 days, then 95 days could elapse until the account would be automatically disabled. See the useradd man page for more information. Determining the inactivity timeout must be done with careful consideration of the length of a "normal" period of inactivity for users in the particular environment. Setting the timeout too low incurs support costs and also has the potential to impact availability of the system to legitimate users.
CCE-27474-6 Assign Expiration Date to Temporary Accounts Temporary accounts are established as part of normal account activation procedures when there is a need for short-term accounts. In the event temporary or emergency accounts are required, configure the system to terminate them after a documented time period. For every temporary and emergency account, run the following command to set an expiration date on it, substituting USER and YYYY-MM-DD appropriately: 
$ sudo chage -E YYYY-MM-DD USER
YYYY-MM-DD indicates the documented expiration date for the account. For U.S. Government systems, the operating system must be configured to automatically terminate these types of accounts after a period of 72 hours.
CCE-27002-5 Set Password Minimum Length in login.defs To specify password length requirements for new accounts, edit the file /etc/login.defs and add or correct the following line: 
PASS_MIN_LEN


The DoD requirement is 15. The FISMA requirement is 12. The profile requirement is . If a program consults /etc/login.defs and also another PAM module (such as pam_pwquality) during a password change operation, then the most restrictive must be satisfied. See PAM section for more information about enforcing password quality requirements.
CCE-26988-6 Set Password Warning Age To specify how many days prior to password expiration that a warning will be issued to users, edit the file /etc/login.defs and add or correct the following line: 
PASS_WARN_AGE
The DoD requirement is 7. The profile requirement is .
CCE-27013-2 Set Password Minimum Age To specify password minimum age for new accounts, edit the file /etc/login.defs and add or correct the following line: 
PASS_MIN_DAYS
A value of 1 day is considered sufficient for many environments. The DoD requirement is 1. The profile requirement is .
CCE-26985-2 Set Password Maximum Age To specify password maximum age for new accounts, edit the file /etc/login.defs and add or correct the following line: 
PASS_MAX_DAYS
A value of 180 days is sufficient for many environments. The DoD requirement is 60. The profile requirement is .
CCE-27225-2 Verify No netrc Files Exist The .netrc files contain login information used to auto-login into FTP servers and reside in the user's home directory. These files may contain unencrypted passwords to remote FTP servers making them susceptible to access by unauthorized users and should not be used. Any .netrc files should be removed.
CCE-26476-2 Verify All Account Password Hashes are Shadowed If any password hashes are stored in /etc/passwd (in the second field, instead of an x or *), the cause of this misconfiguration should be investigated. The account should have its password reset and the hash should be properly stored, or the account should be deleted entirely.
CCE-27038-9 Prevent Login to Accounts With Empty Password If an account is configured for password authentication but does not have an assigned password, it may be possible to log into the account without authentication. Remove any instances of the nullok option in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to prevent logins with empty passwords.
CCE-27379-7 All GIDs referenced in /etc/passwd must be defined in /etc/group Add a group to the system for each GID referenced without a corresponding group.
CCE-26940-7 Install the screen Package To enable console screen locking, install the screen package. The screen package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install screen
Instruct users to begin new terminal sessions with the following command: 
$ screen
The console can now be locked with the following key combination: 
ctrl+a x
CCE-27440-7 Enable Smart Card Login To enable smart card authentication, consult the documentation at: For guidance on enabling SSH to authenticate against a Common Access Card (CAC), consult documentation at:
CCE-27040-5 Require Authentication for Single User Mode Single-user mode is intended as a system recovery method, providing a single user root access to the system by providing a boot option at startup. By default, no authentication is performed if single-user mode is selected.

To require entry of the root password even if the system is started in single-user mode, add or correct the following line in the file /etc/sysconfig/init: 
SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin
Disable Ctrl-Alt-Del Reboot Activation By default, the system includes the following line in /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf to reboot the system when the Ctrl-Alt-Del key sequence is pressed: 
exec /sbin/shutdown -r now "Control-Alt-Delete pressed"

To configure the system to log a message instead of rebooting the system, alter that line to read as follows: 
exec /usr/bin/logger -p security.info "Control-Alt-Delete pressed"
CCE-27043-9 Disable Interactive Boot To disable the ability for users to perform interactive startups, perform both of the following:
  1. Edit the file /etc/sysconfig/init. Add or correct the line: 
    PROMPT=no
  2. Inspect the kernel boot arguments (which follow the word kernel) in /etc/grub.conf and ensure the confirm argument is not present.
Both the PROMPT option of the /etc/sysconfig/init file and the confirm kernel boot argument of the /etc/grub.conf file allow the console user to perform an interactive system startup, in which it is possible to select the set of services which are started on boot.
CCE-27228-6 Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/login.defs In /etc/login.defs, add or correct the following line to ensure the system will use SHA-512 as the hashing algorithm: 
ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512
CCE-26303-8 Set PAM's Password Hashing Algorithm The PAM system service can be configured to only store encrypted representations of passwords. In /etc/pam.d/system-auth, the password section of the file controls which PAM modules execute during a password change. Set the pam_unix.so module in the password section to include the argument sha512, as shown below: 
password    sufficient    pam_unix.so sha512 other arguments...

This will help ensure when local users change their passwords, hashes for the new passwords will be generated using the SHA-512 algorithm. This is the default.
CCE-27229-4 Set Password Hashing Algorithm in /etc/libuser.conf In /etc/libuser.conf, add or correct the following line in its [defaults] section to ensure the system will use the SHA-512 algorithm for password hashing: 
crypt_style = sha512
CCE-27110-6 Set Lockout Time for Failed Password Attempts To configure the system to lock out accounts after a number of incorrect login attempts and require an administrator to unlock the account using pam_faillock.so, modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section: 
    account required pam_faillock.so
CCE-26741-9 Limit Password Reuse Do not allow users to reuse recent passwords. This can be accomplished by using the remember option for the pam_unix or pam_pwhistory PAM modules.

In the file /etc/pam.d/system-auth, append remember= to the line which refers to the pam_unix.so or pam_pwhistory.somodule, as shown below:
  • for the pam_unix.so case: 
    password sufficient pam_unix.so ...existing_options... remember=
  • for the pam_pwhistory.so case: 
    password requisite pam_pwhistory.so ...existing_options... remember=
The DoD STIG requirement is 5 passwords.
CCE-27215-3 Set Interval For Counting Failed Password Attempts Utilizing pam_faillock.so, the fail_interval directive configures the system to lock out an account after a number of incorrect login attempts within a specified time period. Modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • Add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • Add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section: 
    account required pam_faillock.so
CCE-26844-1 Set Deny For Failed Password Attempts To configure the system to lock out accounts after a number of incorrect login attempts using pam_faillock.so, modify the content of both /etc/pam.d/system-auth and /etc/pam.d/password-auth as follows:

  • add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth required pam_faillock.so preauth silent deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • add the following line immediately after the pam_unix.so statement in the AUTH section: 
    auth [default=die] pam_faillock.so authfail deny= unlock_time= fail_interval=
  • add the following line immediately before the pam_unix.so statement in the ACCOUNT section: 
    account required pam_faillock.so
CCE-27123-9 Set Password Retry Prompts Permitted Per-Session To configure the number of retry prompts that are permitted per-session:

Edit the pam_cracklib.so statement in /etc/pam.d/system-auth to show retry=, or a lower value if site policy is more restrictive.

The DoD requirement is a maximum of 3 prompts per session.
CCE-26409-3 Set Password Strength Minimum Special Characters The pam_cracklib module's ocredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of special (or ``other'') characters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many special characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each special character. Add ocredit= after pam_cracklib.so to require use of a special character in passwords.
CCE-26374-9 Set Password Strength Minimum Digit Characters The pam_cracklib module's dcredit parameter controls requirements for usage of digits in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many digits. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each digit. Add dcredit=-1 after pam_cracklib.so to require use of a digit in passwords.
CCE-27227-8 Set Password to Maximum of Three Consecutive Repeating Characters The pam_cracklib module's maxrepeat parameter controls requirements for consecutive repeating characters. When set to a positive number, it will reject passwords which contain more than that number of consecutive characters. Add maxrepeat= after pam_cracklib.so to prevent a run of ( + 1) or more identical characters:
password required pam_cracklib.so maxrepeat=
CCE-26601-5 Set Password Strength Minimum Uppercase Characters The pam_cracklib module's ucredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of uppercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many uppercase characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each uppercase character. Add ucredit=-1 after pam_cracklib.so to require use of an upper case character in passwords.
CCE-26631-2 Set Password Strength Minimum Lowercase Characters The pam_cracklib module's lcredit= parameter controls requirements for usage of lowercase letters in a password. When set to a negative number, any password will be required to contain that many lowercase characters. When set to a positive number, pam_cracklib will grant +1 additional length credit for each lowercase character. Add lcredit=-1 after pam_cracklib.so to require use of a lowercase character in passwords.
CCE-26615-5 Set Password Minimum Length The pam_cracklib module's minlen parameter controls requirements for minimum characters required in a password. Add minlen= after pam_pwquality to set minimum password length requirements.
CCE-27115-5 Set Password Strength Minimum Different Categories The pam_cracklib module's minclass parameter controls requirements for usage of different character classes, or types, of character that must exist in a password before it is considered valid. For example, setting this value to three (3) requires that any password must have characters from at least three different categories in order to be approved. The default value is zero (0), meaning there are no required classes. There are four categories available: 
* Upper-case characters
* Lower-case characters
* Digits
* Special characters (for example, punctuation)
Add minclass= after pam_cracklib.so entry into the /etc/pam.d/system-auth file in order to require differing categories of characters when changing passwords. For example to require at least three character classes to be used in password, use minclass=3.
CCE-26615-5 Set Password Strength Minimum Different Characters The pam_cracklib module's difok parameter controls requirements for usage of different characters during a password change. Add difok= after pam_cracklib.so to require differing characters when changing passwords. The DoD requirement is 4.
CCE-27291-4 Set Last Logon/Access Notification To configure the system to notify users of last logon/access using pam_lastlog, add or correct the pam_lastlog settings in /etc/pam.d/postlogin to read as follows: 
session     [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service !~ gdm* service !~ su* quiet
session     [default=1]   pam_lastlog.so nowtmp showfailed
session     optional      pam_lastlog.so silent noupdate showfailed
CCE-27195-7 Enable GUI Warning Banner To enable displaying a login warning banner in the GNOME Display Manager's login screen, run the following command: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/gdm/simple-greeter/banner_message_enable true
To display a banner, this setting must be enabled and then banner text must also be set.
CCE-27017-3 Set GUI Warning Banner Text To set the text shown by the GNOME Display Manager in the login screen, run the following command: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type string \
  --set /apps/gdm/simple-greeter/banner_message_text \
  "Text of the warning banner here"
When entering a warning banner that spans several lines, remember to begin and end the string with ". This command writes directly either to the /etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory/%gconf-tree.xml if it exists or to the file /etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory/apps/gdm/simple-greeter/%gconf.xml. Either of these files can later be edited directly if necessary.
CCE-26974-6 Modify the System Login Banner To configure the system login banner edit /etc/issue. Replace the default text with a message compliant with the local site policy or a legal disclaimer. The DoD required text is either:

You are accessing a U.S. Government (USG) Information System (IS) that is provided for USG-authorized use only. By using this IS (which includes any device attached to this IS), you consent to the following conditions:
-The USG routinely intercepts and monitors communications on this IS for purposes including, but not limited to, penetration testing, COMSEC monitoring, network operations and defense, personnel misconduct (PM), law enforcement (LE), and counterintelligence (CI) investigations.
-At any time, the USG may inspect and seize data stored on this IS.
-Communications using, or data stored on, this IS are not private, are subject to routine monitoring, interception, and search, and may be disclosed or used for any USG-authorized purpose.
-This IS includes security measures (e.g., authentication and access controls) to protect USG interests -- not for your personal benefit or privacy.
-Notwithstanding the above, using this IS does not constitute consent to PM, LE or CI investigative searching or monitoring of the content of privileged communications, or work product, related to personal representation or services by attorneys, psychotherapists, or clergy, and their assistants. Such communications and work product are private and confidential. See User Agreement for details.

OR:

I've read & consent to terms in IS user agreem't.
CCE-26371-5 Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in login.defs To ensure the default umask controlled by /etc/login.defs is set properly, add or correct the UMASK setting in /etc/login.defs to read as follows: 
UMASK
CCE-26917-5 Ensure the Default Bash Umask is Set Correctly To ensure the default umask for users of the Bash shell is set properly, add or correct the umask setting in /etc/bashrc to read as follows: 
umask
CCE-27034-8 Ensure the Default C Shell Umask is Set Correctly To ensure the default umask for users of the C shell is set properly, add or correct the umask setting in /etc/csh.cshrc to read as follows: 
umask
CCE-26669-2 Ensure the Default Umask is Set Correctly in /etc/profile To ensure the default umask controlled by /etc/profile is set properly, add or correct the umask setting in /etc/profile to read as follows: 
umask
CCE-26826-8 Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include Relative Paths or Null Directories Ensure that none of the directories in root's path is equal to a single . character, or that it contains any instances that lead to relative path traversal, such as .. or beginning a path without the slash (/) character. Also ensure that there are no "empty" elements in the path, such as in these examples: 
PATH=:/bin
PATH=/bin:
PATH=/bin::/sbin
These empty elements have the same effect as a single . character.
CCE-26768-2 Ensure that Root's Path Does Not Include World or Group-Writable Directories For each element in root's path, run: 
# ls -ld DIR
and ensure that write permissions are disabled for group and other.
CCE-26981-1 Ensure that User Home Directories are not Group-Writable or World-Readable For each human user of the system, view the permissions of the user's home directory: 
# ls -ld /home/USER
Ensure that the directory is not group-writable and that it is not world-readable. If necessary, repair the permissions: 
# chmod g-w /home/USER
# chmod o-rwx /home/USER
Ensure the Logon Failure Delay is Set Correctly in login.defs To ensure the logon failure delay controlled by /etc/login.defs is set properly, add or correct the FAIL_DELAY setting in /etc/login.defs to read as follows: 
FAIL_DELAY
CCE-27333-4 Set Interactive Session Timeout Setting the TMOUT option in /etc/profile ensures that all user sessions will terminate based on inactivity. The TMOUT setting in /etc/profile should read as follows: 
TMOUT=
CCE-27457-1 Limit the Number of Concurrent Login Sessions Allowed Per User Limiting the number of allowed users and sessions per user can limit risks related to Denial of Service attacks. This addresses concurrent sessions for a single account and does not address concurrent sessions by a single user via multiple accounts. To set the number of concurrent sessions per user add the following line in /etc/security/limits.conf: 
* hard maxlogins
Ensure Solid State Drives Do Not Contribute To Random-Number Entropy Pool For each solid-state drive on the system, run: 
 # echo 0 > /sys/block/DRIVE/queue/add_random
CCE-26992-8 Verify Permissions on shadow File To properly set the permissions of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0640 /etc/shadow
CCE-26947-2 Verify User Who Owns shadow File To properly set the owner of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /etc/shadow
CCE-27026-4 Verify User Who Owns gshadow File To properly set the owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /etc/gshadow
CCE-26954-8 Verify Permissions on group File To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
CCE-26975-3 Verify Group Who Owns gshadow File To properly set the group owner of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/gshadow
CCE-26953-0 Verify User Who Owns passwd File To properly set the owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /etc/passwd
CCE-26967-0 Verify Group Who Owns shadow File To properly set the group owner of /etc/shadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/shadow
CCE-26822-7 Verify User Who Owns group File To properly set the owner of /etc/group, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /etc/group
CCE-26930-8 Verify Group Who Owns group File To properly set the group owner of /etc/group, run the command: 
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/group
CCE-26951-4 Verify Permissions on gshadow File To properly set the permissions of /etc/gshadow, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0000 /etc/gshadow
CCE-26856-5 Verify Group Who Owns passwd File To properly set the group owner of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
$ sudo chgrp root /etc/passwd
CCE-26868-0 Verify Permissions on passwd File To properly set the permissions of /etc/passwd, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0644 /etc/passwd
CCE-27424-1 Verify that Shared Library Files Have Root Ownership System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default: 
/lib
/lib64
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
Kernel modules, which can be added to the kernel during runtime, are also stored in /lib/modules. All files in these directories should be owned by the root user. If the directory, or any file in these directories, is found to be owned by a user other than root correct its ownership with the following command: 
$ sudo chown root FILE
CCE-27289-8 Verify that System Executables Have Restrictive Permissions System executables are stored in the following directories by default: 
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/libexec
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/sbin
All files in these directories should not be group-writable or world-writable. If any file FILE in these directories is found to be group-writable or world-writable, correct its permission with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod go-w FILE
CCE-27623-8 Verify that System Executables Have Root Ownership System executables are stored in the following directories by default: 
/bin
/sbin
/usr/bin
/usr/libexec
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/sbin
/usr/sbin
All files in these directories should be owned by the root user. If any file FILE in these directories is found to be owned by a user other than root, correct its ownership with the following command: 
$ sudo chown root FILE
CCE-27381-3 Verify that Shared Library Files Have Restrictive Permissions System-wide shared library files, which are linked to executables during process load time or run time, are stored in the following directories by default: 
/lib
/lib64
/usr/lib
/usr/lib64
Kernel modules, which can be added to the kernel during runtime, are stored in /lib/modules. All files in these directories should not be group-writable or world-writable. If any file in these directories is found to be group-writable or world-writable, correct its permission with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod go-w FILE
CCE-26769-0 Ensure All SGID Executables Are Authorized The SGID (set group id) bit should be set only on files that were installed via authorized means. A straightforward means of identifying unauthorized SGID files is determine if any were not installed as part of an RPM package, which is cryptographically verified. Investigate the origin of any unpackaged SGID files.
CCE-26872-2 Ensure All Files Are Owned by a Group If any files are not owned by a group, then the cause of their lack of group-ownership should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group.
CCE-26642-9 Ensure All World-Writable Directories Are Owned by a System Account All directories in local partitions which are world-writable should be owned by root or another system account. If any world-writable directories are not owned by a system account, this should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate group.
Disallow creating symlinks to a file you not own To set the runtime status of the fs.protected_symlinks kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_symlinks=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
fs.protected_symlinks = 1
CCE-27032-2 Ensure All Files Are Owned by a User If any files are not owned by a user, then the cause of their lack of ownership should be investigated. Following this, the files should be deleted or assigned to an appropriate user.
Disallow creating symlinks to a file you not own To set the runtime status of the fs.protected_hardlinks kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w fs.protected_hardlinks=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
fs.protected_hardlinks = 1
CCE-26910-0 Ensure No World-Writable Files Exist It is generally a good idea to remove global (other) write access to a file when it is discovered. However, check with documentation for specific applications before making changes. Also, monitor for recurring world-writable files, as these may be symptoms of a misconfigured application or user account. Finally, this applies to real files and not virtual files that are a part of pseudo file systems such as sysfs or procfs.
CCE-26497-8 Ensure All SUID Executables Are Authorized The SUID (set user id) bit should be set only on files that were installed via authorized means. A straightforward means of identifying unauthorized SGID files is determine if any were not installed as part of an RPM package, which is cryptographically verified. Investigate the origin of any unpackaged SUID files.
Verify that local System.map file (if exists) is readable only by root Files containing sensitive informations should be protected by restrictive permissions. Most of the time, there is no need that these files need to be read by any non-root user To properly set the permissions of /boot/System.map-*, run the command: 
$ sudo chmod 0600 /boot/System.map-*
CCE-26840-9 Verify that All World-Writable Directories Have Sticky Bits Set When the so-called 'sticky bit' is set on a directory, only the owner of a given file may remove that file from the directory. Without the sticky bit, any user with write access to a directory may remove any file in the directory. Setting the sticky bit prevents users from removing each other's files. In cases where there is no reason for a directory to be world-writable, a better solution is to remove that permission rather than to set the sticky bit. However, if a directory is used by a particular application, consult that application's documentation instead of blindly changing modes.
To set the sticky bit on a world-writable directory DIR, run the following command: 
$ sudo chmod +t DIR
CCE-27016-5 Disable Modprobe Loading of USB Storage Driver To prevent USB storage devices from being used, configure the kernel module loading system to prevent automatic loading of the USB storage driver. To configure the system to prevent the usb-storage kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install usb-storage /bin/true
This will prevent the modprobe program from loading the usb-storage module, but will not prevent an administrator (or another program) from using the insmod program to load the module manually.
CCE-27131-2 Assign Password to Prevent Changes to Boot Firmware Configuration Assign a password to the system boot firmware (historically called BIOS on PC systems) to require a password for any configuration changes.
CCE-26923-3 Disable Booting from USB Devices in Boot Firmware Configure the system boot firmware (historically called BIOS on PC systems) to disallow booting from USB drives.
CCE-26544-7 Disable Mounting of freevxfs To configure the system to prevent the freevxfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install freevxfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26976-1 Disable the Automounter The autofs daemon mounts and unmounts filesystems, such as user home directories shared via NFS, on demand. In addition, autofs can be used to handle removable media, and the default configuration provides the cdrom device as /misc/cd. However, this method of providing access to removable media is not common, so autofs can almost always be disabled if NFS is not in use. Even if NFS is required, it may be possible to configure filesystem mounts statically by editing /etc/fstab rather than relying on the automounter.

The autofs service can be disabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig autofs off
CCE-26340-0 Disable Mounting of cramfs To configure the system to prevent the cramfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install cramfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26404-4 Disable Mounting of squashfs To configure the system to prevent the squashfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install squashfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26361-6 Disable Mounting of hfsplus To configure the system to prevent the hfsplus kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install hfsplus /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-27011-6 Disable Kernel Support for USB via Bootloader Configuration All USB support can be disabled by adding the nousb argument to the kernel's boot loader configuration. To do so, append "nousb" to the kernel line in /etc/grub.conf as shown: 
kernel /vmlinuz-VERSION ro vga=ext root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet nousb
CCE-26670-0 Disable Mounting of jffs2 To configure the system to prevent the jffs2 kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install jffs2 /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26800-3 Disable Mounting of hfs To configure the system to prevent the hfs kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install hfs /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26677-5 Disable Mounting of udf To configure the system to prevent the udf kernel module from being loaded, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/modprobe.d: 
install udf /bin/true
This effectively prevents usage of this uncommon filesystem.
CCE-26622-1 Add noexec Option to /dev/shm The noexec mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of /dev/shm. It can be dangerous to allow the execution of binaries from world-writable temporary storage directories such as /dev/shm. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.
CCE-26486-1 Add nosuid Option to /dev/shm The nosuid mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in /dev/shm. The SUID and SGID permissions should not be required in these world-writable directories. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.
CCE-26499-4 Add nodev Option to /tmp The nodev mount option can be used to prevent device files from being created in /tmp. Legitimate character and block devices should not exist within temporary directories like /tmp. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.
CCE-26720-3 Add noexec Option to /tmp The noexec mount option can be used to prevent binaries from being executed out of /tmp. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.
CCE-26762-5 Add nosuid Option to /tmp The nosuid mount option can be used to prevent execution of setuid programs in /tmp. The SUID and SGID permissions should not be required in these world-writable directories. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /tmp.
CCE-27056-1 Add nosuid Option to Removable Media Partitions The nosuid mount option prevents set-user-identifier (SUID) and set-group-identifier (SGID) permissions from taking effect. These permissions allow users to execute binaries with the same permissions as the owner and group of the file respectively. Users should not be allowed to introduce SUID and SGID files into the system via partitions mounted from removeable media. Add the nosuid option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.
CCE-27045-4 Add nodev Option to Non-Root Local Partitions The nodev mount option prevents files from being interpreted as character or block devices. Legitimate character and block devices should exist only in the /dev directory on the root partition or within chroot jails built for system services. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any non-root local partitions.
CCE-26860-7 Add nodev Option to Removable Media Partitions The nodev mount option prevents files from being interpreted as character or block devices. Legitimate character and block devices should exist only in the /dev directory on the root partition or within chroot jails built for system services. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.
CCE-27196-5 Add noexec Option to Removable Media Partitions The noexec mount option prevents the direct execution of binaries on the mounted filesystem. Preventing the direct execution of binaries from removable media (such as a USB key) provides a defense against malicious software that may be present on such untrusted media. Add the noexec option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of any removable media partitions.
CCE-26582-7 Bind Mount /var/tmp To /tmp The /var/tmp directory is a world-writable directory. Bind-mount it to /tmp in order to consolidate temporary storage into one location protected by the same techniques as /tmp. To do so, edit /etc/fstab and add the following line: 
/tmp     /var/tmp     none     rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,bind     0 0
See the mount(8) man page for further explanation of bind mounting.
CCE-26778-1 Add nodev Option to /dev/shm The nodev mount option can be used to prevent creation of device files in /dev/shm. Legitimate character and block devices should not exist within temporary directories like /dev/shm. Add the nodev option to the fourth column of /etc/fstab for the line which controls mounting of /dev/shm.
CCE-27031-4 Set Daemon Umask The file /etc/init.d/functions includes initialization parameters for most or all daemons started at boot time. Many daemons on the system already individually restrict themselves to a umask of 077 in their own init scripts. By default, the umask of 022 is set which prevents creation of group- or world-writable files. To set the umask for daemons expected by the profile, edit the following line: 
umask
CCE-27010-8 Install PAE Kernel on Supported 32-bit x86 Systems Systems that are using the 64-bit x86 kernel package do not need to install the kernel-PAE package because the 64-bit x86 kernel already includes this support. However, if the system is 32-bit and also supports the PAE and NX features as determined in the previous section, the kernel-PAE package should be installed to enable XD or NX support. The kernel-PAE package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install kernel-PAE
The installation process should also have configured the bootloader to load the new kernel at boot. Verify this after reboot and modify /etc/grub.conf if necessary.
CCE-27163-5 Enable NX or XD Support in the BIOS Reboot the system and enter the BIOS or Setup configuration menu. Navigate the BIOS configuration menu and make sure that the option is enabled. The setting may be located under a Security section. Look for Execute Disable (XD) on Intel-based systems and No Execute (NX) on AMD-based systems.
CCE-27044-7 Disable Core Dumps for SUID programs To set the runtime status of the fs.suid_dumpable kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=0
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
fs.suid_dumpable = 0
CCE-27033-0 Disable Core Dumps for All Users To disable core dumps for all users, add the following line to /etc/security/limits.conf: 
*     hard   core    0
Restrict Exposed Kernel Pointer Addresses Access To set the runtime status of the kernel.kptr_restrict kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.kptr_restrict=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
kernel.kptr_restrict = 1
Enable ExecShield via sysctl By default on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 64-bit systems, ExecShield is enabled and can only be disabled if the hardware does not support ExecShield or is disabled in /etc/default/grub. For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 32-bit systems, sysctl can be used to enable ExecShield.
CCE-26999-3 Enable Randomized Layout of Virtual Address Space To set the runtime status of the kernel.randomize_va_space kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.randomize_va_space=2
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
kernel.randomize_va_space = 2
Disable kernel image loading To set the runtime status of the kernel.kexec_load_disabled kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.kexec_load_disabled=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
kernel.kexec_load_disabled = 1
Restrict usage of ptrace to descendant processes To set the runtime status of the kernel.yama.ptrace_scope kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.yama.ptrace_scope=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 1
CCE-27366-4 Restrict Access to Kernel Message Buffer To set the runtime status of the kernel.dmesg_restrict kernel parameter, run the following command: 
$ sudo sysctl -w kernel.dmesg_restrict=1
If this is not the system default value, add the following line to a file in the directory /etc/sysctl.d: 
kernel.dmesg_restrict = 1
CCE-27238-5 Configure auditd space_left Action on Low Disk Space The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space starts to run low. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately: 
space_left_action = ACTION
Possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page. These include:
  • syslog
  • email
  • exec
  • suspend
  • single
  • halt
Set this to email (instead of the default, which is suspend) as it is more likely to get prompt attention. Acceptable values also include suspend, single, and halt.
Configure auditd flush priority The auditd service can be configured to synchronously write audit event data to disk. Add or correct the following line in /etc/audit/auditd.conf to ensure that audit event data is fully synchronized with the log files on the disk: 
flush =
CCE-26933-2 Configure auditd to use audispd's syslog plugin To configure the auditd service to use the syslog plug-in of the audispd audit event multiplexor, set the active line in /etc/audisp/plugins.d/syslog.conf to yes. Restart the auditd service: 
$ sudo service auditd restart
CCE-80501-0 Configure auditd Disk Error Action on Disk Error The auditd service can be configured to take an action when there is a disk error. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately: 
disk_error_action = ACTION
Set this value to single to cause the system to switch to single-user mode for corrective action. Acceptable values also include syslog, exec, single, and halt. For certain systems, the need for availability outweighs the need to log all actions, and a different setting should be determined. Details regarding all possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page.
CCE-27550-3 Configure auditd Max Log File Size Determine the amount of audit data (in megabytes) which should be retained in each log file. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting the correct value of for STOREMB: 
max_log_file = STOREMB
Set the value to 6 (MB) or higher for general-purpose systems. Larger values, of course, support retention of even more audit data.
CCE-80507-7 Configure auditd space_left on Low Disk Space The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space is running low but prior to running out of space completely. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting SIZE_in_MB appropriately: 
space_left = SIZE_in_MB
Set this value to the appropriate size in Megabytes cause the system to notify the user of an issue.
CCE-27241-9 Configure auditd mail_acct Action on Low Disk Space The auditd service can be configured to send email to a designated account in certain situations. Add or correct the following line in /etc/audit/auditd.conf to ensure that administrators are notified via email for those situations: 
action_mail_acct =
CCE-27239-3 Configure auditd admin_space_left Action on Low Disk Space The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space is running low but prior to running out of space completely. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately: 
admin_space_left_action = ACTION
Set this value to single to cause the system to switch to single user mode for corrective action. Acceptable values also include suspend and halt. For certain systems, the need for availability outweighs the need to log all actions, and a different setting should be determined. Details regarding all possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page.
CCE-27237-7 Configure auditd max_log_file_action Upon Reaching Maximum Log Size The default action to take when the logs reach their maximum size is to rotate the log files, discarding the oldest one. To configure the action taken by auditd, add or correct the line in /etc/audit/auditd.conf: 
max_log_file_action = ACTION
Possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page. These include:
  • syslog
  • suspend
  • rotate
  • keep_logs
Set the ACTION to rotate to ensure log rotation occurs. This is the default. The setting is case-insensitive.
CCE-80500-2 Configure auditd Disk Full Action when Disk Space Is Full The auditd service can be configured to take an action when disk space is running low but prior to running out of space completely. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting ACTION appropriately: 
disk_full_action = ACTION
Set this value to single to cause the system to switch to single-user mode for corrective action. Acceptable values also include syslog, exec, single, and halt. For certain systems, the need for availability outweighs the need to log all actions, and a different setting should be determined. Details regarding all possible values for ACTION are described in the auditd.conf man page.
CCE-27522-2 Configure auditd Number of Logs Retained Determine how many log files auditd should retain when it rotates logs. Edit the file /etc/audit/auditd.conf. Add or modify the following line, substituting NUMLOGS with the correct value of : 
num_logs = NUMLOGS
Set the value to 5 for general-purpose systems. Note that values less than 2 result in no log rotation.
CCE-26611-4 Ensure auditd Collects Information on Kernel Module Loading and Unloading To capture kernel module loading and unloading events, use following lines, setting ARCH to either b32 for 32-bit system, or having two lines for both b32 and b64 in case your system is 64-bit: 
-w /usr/sbin/insmod -p x -k modules
-w /usr/sbin/rmmod -p x -k modules
-w /usr/sbin/modprobe -p x -k modules

-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S init_module,delete_module -F key=modules
The place to add the lines depends on a way auditd daemon is configured. If it is configured to use the augenrules program (the default), add the lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility, add the lines to file /etc/audit/audit.rules.
CCE-26691-6 Record Attempts to Alter Logon and Logout Events The audit system already collects login information for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d in order to watch for attempted manual edits of files involved in storing logon events: 
-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/run/faillock -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following lines to /etc/audit/audit.rules file in order to watch for unattempted manual edits of files involved in storing logon events: 
-w /var/log/tallylog -p wa -k logins
-w /var/run/faillock -p wa -k logins
-w /var/log/lastlog -p wa -k logins
CCE-27169-2 Record Attempts to Alter Time Through stime If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d for both 32 bit and 64 bit systems: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S stime -F key=audit_time_rules
Since the 64 bit version of the "stime" system call is not defined in the audit lookup table, the corresponding "-F arch=b64" form of this rule is not expected to be defined on 64 bit systems (the aforementioned "-F arch=b32" stime rule form itself is sufficient for both 32 bit and 64 bit systems). If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file for both 32 bit and 64 bit systems: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S stime -F key=audit_time_rules
Since the 64 bit version of the "stime" system call is not defined in the audit lookup table, the corresponding "-F arch=b64" form of this rule is not expected to be defined on 64 bit systems (the aforementioned "-F arch=b32" stime rule form itself is sufficient for both 32 bit and 64 bit systems). The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined system calls: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
CCE-27203-9 Record attempts to alter time through settimeofday If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
CCE-27172-6 Record Attempts to Alter the localtime File If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k audit_time_rules
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-w /etc/localtime -p wa -k audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport and should always be used.
CCE-27170-0 Record Attempts to Alter Time Through clock_settime If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S clock_settime -F a0=0x0 -F key=time-change
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
CCE-26242-8 Record attempts to alter time through adjtimex If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -F key=audit_time_rules
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -F key=audit_time_rules
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S adjtimex -F key=audit_time_rules
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex -F key=audit_time_rules
The -k option allows for the specification of a key in string form that can be used for better reporting capability through ausearch and aureport. Multiple system calls can be defined on the same line to save space if desired, but is not required. See an example of multiple combined syscalls: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S adjtimex,settimeofday -F key=audit_time_rules
CCE-27177-5 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchown At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27185-8 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - setxattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S setxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27180-9 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fsetxattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27173-4 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chown At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27183-3 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lsetxattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lsetxattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-26280-8 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - chmod At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S chmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S chmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27175-9 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchmodat At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmodat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27184-1 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - removexattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root.

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S removexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27179-1 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fremovexattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root.

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27178-3 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchownat At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchownat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27174-2 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - fchmod At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S fchmod -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27181-7 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lchown At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lchown -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-27182-5 Record Events that Modify the System's Discretionary Access Controls - lremovexattr At a minimum, the audit system should collect file permission changes for all users and root.

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod


If the system is 64 bit then also add the following line: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S lremovexattr -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=perm_mod
CCE-26651-0 Ensure auditd Collects File Deletion Events by User At a minimum the audit system should collect file deletion events for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S rmdir,unlink,unlinkat,rename,renameat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=delete
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S rmdir,unlink,unlinkat,rename -S renameat -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=delete
CCE-26457-2 Ensure auditd Collects Information on the Use of Privileged Commands At a minimum, the audit system should collect the execution of privileged commands for all users and root. To find the relevant setuid / setgid programs, run the following command for each local partition PART: 
$ sudo find PART -xdev -type f -perm -4000 -o -type f -perm -2000 2>/dev/null
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add a line of the following form to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d for each setuid / setgid program on the system, replacing the SETUID_PROG_PATH part with the full path of that setuid / setgid program in the list: 
-a always,exit -F path=SETUID_PROG_PATH -F perm=x -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=privileged
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add a line of the following form to /etc/audit/audit.rules for each setuid / setgid program on the system, replacing the SETUID_PROG_PATH part with the full path of that setuid / setgid program in the list: 
-a always,exit -F path=SETUID_PROG_PATH -F perm=x -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=privileged
CCE-26712-0 Ensure auditd Collects Unauthorized Access Attempts to Files (unsuccessful) At a minimum the audit system should collect unauthorized file accesses for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following lines: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following lines to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
If the system is 64 bit then also add the following lines: 
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EACCES -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat,open,openat,open_by_handle_at,truncate,ftruncate -F exit=-EPERM -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access
CCE-26662-7 Ensure auditd Collects System Administrator Actions At a minimum, the audit system should collect administrator actions for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k actions
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k actions
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-w /etc/sudoers -p wa -k actions
-w /etc/sudoers.d/ -p wa -k actions
CCE-26648-6 Record Events that Modify the System's Network Environment If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S sethostname,setdomainname -F key=audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/sysconfig/network -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following lines to /etc/audit/audit.rules file, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S sethostname,setdomainname -F key=audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/issue.net -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/hosts -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
-w /etc/sysconfig/network -p wa -k audit_rules_networkconfig_modification
CCE-26664-3 Record Events that Modify User/Group Information If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d, in order to capture events that modify account changes: 
-w /etc/group -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification

If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following lines to /etc/audit/audit.rules file, in order to capture events that modify account changes: 
-w /etc/group -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/passwd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/gshadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/shadow -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
-w /etc/security/opasswd -p wa -k audit_rules_usergroup_modification
CCE-26610-6 Record Attempts to Alter Process and Session Initiation Information The audit system already collects process information for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following lines to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d in order to watch for attempted manual edits of files involved in storing such process information: 
-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following lines to /etc/audit/audit.rules file in order to watch for attempted manual edits of files involved in storing such process information: 
-w /var/run/utmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/btmp -p wa -k session
-w /var/log/wtmp -p wa -k session
CCE-26612-2 Make the auditd Configuration Immutable If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d in order to make the auditd configuration immutable: 
-e 2
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file in order to make the auditd configuration immutable: 
-e 2
With this setting, a reboot will be required to change any audit rules.
Record Access Events to Audit Log directory The audit system should collect access events to read audit log directory. The following audit rule will assure that access to audit log directory are collected. 
-a always,exit -F dir=/var/log/audit/ -F perm=r -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=access-audit-trail
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the rule to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the rule to /etc/audit/audit.rules file.
CCE-80502-8 System Audit Logs Must Have Mode 0750 or Less Permissive If log_group in /etc/audit/auditd.conf is set to a group other than the root group account, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod 0750 /var/log/audit

Otherwise, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod 0700 /var/log/audit
CCE-26573-6 Ensure auditd Collects Information on Exporting to Media (successful) At a minimum, the audit system should collect media exportation events for all users and root. If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S mount -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=export
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file, setting ARCH to either b32 or b64 as appropriate for your system: 
-a always,exit -F arch=ARCH -S mount -F auid>=500 -F auid!=unset -F key=export
CCE-27244-3 System Audit Logs Must Be Owned By Root All audit logs must be owned by root user and group. By default, the path for audit log is 
/var/log/audit/
. To properly set the owner of /var/log/audit, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /var/log/audit
To properly set the owner of /var/log/audit/*, run the command: 
$ sudo chown root /var/log/audit/*
CCE-26657-7 Record Events that Modify the System's Mandatory Access Controls If the auditd daemon is configured to use the augenrules program to read audit rules during daemon startup (the default), add the following line to a file with suffix .rules in the directory /etc/audit/rules.d: 
-w /etc/selinux/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
If the auditd daemon is configured to use the auditctl utility to read audit rules during daemon startup, add the following line to /etc/audit/audit.rules file: 
-w /etc/selinux/ -p wa -k MAC-policy
CCE-27243-5 System Audit Logs Must Have Mode 0640 or Less Permissive If log_group in /etc/audit/auditd.conf is set to a group other than the root group account, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod 0640 audit_file

Otherwise, change the mode of the audit log files with the following command: 
$ sudo chmod 0600 audit_file
install the auditd service The auditd service should be installed.
CCE-26785-6 Enable Auditing for Processes Which Start Prior to the Audit Daemon To ensure all processes can be audited, even those which start prior to the audit daemon, add the argument audit=1 to the kernel line in /etc/grub.conf, in the manner below: 
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro vga=ext root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet audit=1
CCE-27058-7 Enable auditd Service The auditd service is an essential userspace component of the Linux Auditing System, as it is responsible for writing audit records to disk. The auditd service can be enabled with the following command: 
$ sudo chkconfig --level 2345 auditd on
CCE-26638-7 Implement Blank Screensaver Run the following command to set the screensaver mode in the GNOME desktop to a blank screen: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type string \
  --set /apps/gnome-screensaver/mode blank-only
CCE-26235-2 Enable Screen Lock Activation After Idle Period Run the following command to activate locking of the screensaver in the GNOME desktop when it is activated: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/gnome-screensaver/lock_enabled true
Set GNOME Screen Locking Keybindings Run the following command to prevent changes to the screensaver lock keybindings: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
--config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
--type string \
--set /apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings/screensaver "<Control><Alt>l"
CCE-26600-7 GNOME Desktop Screensaver Mandatory Use Run the following command to activate the screensaver in the GNOME desktop after a period of inactivity: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/gnome-screensaver/idle_activation_enabled true
Set GNOME Login Maximum Allowed Inactivity Action Run the following command to set force logout an inactive user when the maximum allowed inactivity period has expired: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type string \
  --set /desktop/gnome/session/max_idle_action "forced-logout"
Set GNOME Login Maximum Allowed Inactivity Run the following command to set the maximum allowed period of inactivity for an inactive user in the GNOME desktop to minutes: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 \
  --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type int \
  --set /desktop/gnome/session/max_idle_time
CCE-26828-4 Set GNOME Login Inactivity Timeout Run the following command to set the idle time-out value for inactivity in the GNOME desktop to minutes: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 \
  --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type int \
  --set /desktop/gnome/session/idle_delay
CCE-27035-5 Disable GNOME Automounting The system's default desktop environment, GNOME, will mount devices and removable media (such as DVDs, CDs and USB flash drives) whenever they are inserted into the system. Disable automount and autorun within GNOME by running the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/nautilus/preferences/media_automount false
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/nautilus/preferences/media_autorun_never true
CCE-27224-5 Disable All GNOME Thumbnailers The system's default desktop environment, GNOME, uses a number of different thumbnailer programs to generate thumbnails for any new or modified content in an opened folder. The following command can disable the execution of these thumbnail applications: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /desktop/gnome/thumbnailers/disable_all true
This effectively prevents an attacker from gaining access to a system through a flaw in GNOME's Nautilus thumbnail creators.
Disable Ctrl-Alt-Del Reboot Key Sequence in GNOME By default, GNOME will reboot the system if the Ctrl-Alt-Del key sequence is pressed.
To configure the system to ignore the Ctrl-Alt-Del key sequence from the Graphical User Interface (GUI) instead of rebooting the system, run the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type string \
  --set /apps/gnome_settings_daemon/keybindings/power ""
Disable the GNOME Clock Weather Feature Run the following command to activate locking of the screensaver in the GNOME desktop when it is activated: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/panel/applets/clock/prefs/show_weather false
Disable the GNOME Clock Temperature Feature Run the following command to activate locking of the screensaver in the GNOME desktop when it is activated: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/panel/applets/clock/prefs/show_temperature false
Disable the GNOME Login Restart and Shutdown Buttons In the default graphical environment, users logging directly into the system are greeted with a login screen that allows any user, known or unknown, the ability shutdown or restart the system. This functionality should be disabled by running the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/gdm/simple-greeter/disable_restart_buttons true
Disable GDM Automatic Login The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) can allow users to automatically login without user interaction or credentials. User should always be required to authenticate themselves to the system that they are authorized to use. To disable user ability to automatically login to the system, set the AutomaticLoginEnable to false in the [daemon] section in /etc/gdm/custom.conf. For example: 
[daemon]
AutomaticLoginEnable=false
CCE-27230-2 Disable the User List In the default graphical environment, users logging directly into the system are greeted with a login screen that displays all known users. This functionality should be disabled.

Run the following command to disable the user list: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/gdm/simple-greeter/disable_user_list true
Disable GDM Guest Login The GNOME Display Manager (GDM) can allow users to login without credentials which can be useful for public kiosk scenarios. Allowing users to login without credentials or "guest" account access has inherent security risks and should be disabled. To do disable timed logins or guest account access, set the TimedLoginEnable to false in the [daemon] section in /etc/gdm/custom.conf. For example: 
[daemon]
TimedLoginEnable=false
Disable WIFI Network Disconnect Notification in GNOME By default, GNOME disables WIFI notification when disconnecting from a wireless network. This should be permanently set so that users do not connect to a wireless network when the system finds one. While useful for mobile devices, this setting should be disabled for all other systems. To configure the system to disable the WIFI notication, run the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/nm-applet/disable-disconnected-notifications true
Disable WIFI Network Connection Notification in GNOME By default, GNOME disables WIFI notification when connecting to a wireless network. This should be permanently set so that users do not connect to a wireless network when the system finds one. While useful for mobile devices, this setting should be disabled for all other systems. To configure the system to disable the WIFI notication, run the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/nm-applet/disable-connected-notifications true
Disable WIFI Network Connection Creation in GNOME GNOME allows users to create ad-hoc wireless connections through the NetworkManager applet. Wireless connections should be disabled by running the following: 
$ sudo gconftool-2 --direct \
  --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.mandatory \
  --type bool \
  --set /apps/nm-applet/disable-wifi-create true
CCE-80506-9 Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo The sudo NOPASSWD and !authenticate option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that NOPASSWD and/or !authenticate do not exist in /etc/sudoers configuration file or any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/."
Only the VDSM User Can Use sudo NOPASSWD The sudo NOPASSWD tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. Only the vdsm user should have this capability in any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/.
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo !authenticate The sudo !authenticate option, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the !authenticate option does not exist in /etc/sudoers configuration file or any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/.
Ensure Users Re-Authenticate for Privilege Escalation - sudo NOPASSWD The sudo NOPASSWD tag, when specified, allows a user to execute commands using sudo without having to authenticate. This should be disabled by making sure that the NOPASSWD tag does not exist in /etc/sudoers configuration file or any sudo configuration snippets in /etc/sudoers.d/.
The Installed Operating System Is Vendor Supported The installed operating system must be maintained by a vendor. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is supported by Red Hat, Inc. As the Red Hat Enterprise Linux vendor, Red Hat, Inc. is responsible for providing security patches.
The Installed Operating System Is FIPS 140-2 Certified To enable processing of sensitive information the operating system must provide certified cryptographic modules compliant with FIPS 140-2 standard. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is supported by Red Hat, Inc. As the Red Hat Enterprise Linux vendor, Red Hat, Inc. is responsible for maintaining government certifications and standards.
Install the dracut-fips Package To enable FIPS, the system requires that the dracut-fips package be installed. The dracut-fips package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install dracut-fips
Enable FIPS Mode in GRUB Legacy To ensure FIPS mode is enabled, rebuild initramfs by running the following command: 
dracut -f
After the dracut command has been run, add the argument fips=1 to the default GRUB kernel line for the Linux operating system in /etc/grub.conf, in the manner below: 
kernel /vmlinuz-version ro vga=ext root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet fips=1
CCE-80511-9 Configure Backups of User Data The operating system must conduct backups of user data contained in the operating system. The operating system provides utilities for automating backups of user data. Commercial and open-source products are also available.
CCE-27529-7 Install Virus Scanning Software Install virus scanning software, which uses signatures to search for the presence of viruses on the filesystem. Ensure virus definition files are no older than 7 days, or their last release. Configure the virus scanning software to perform scans dynamically on all accessed files. If this is not possible, configure the system to scan all altered files on the system on a daily basis. If the system processes inbound SMTP mail, configure the virus scanner to scan all received mail.
CCE-27409-2 Install Intrusion Detection Software The base Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 platform already includes a sophisticated auditing system that can detect intruder activity, as well as SELinux, which provides host-based intrusion prevention capabilities by confining privileged programs and user sessions which may become compromised.
CCE-26731-0 Verify and Correct File Permissions with RPM The RPM package management system can check file access permissions of installed software packages, including many that are important to system security. Verify that the file permissions of system files and commands match vendor values. Check the file permissions with the following command: 
$ sudo rpm -Va | awk '{ if (substr($0,2,1)=="M") print $NF }'
Output indicates files that do not match vendor defaults. After locating a file with incorrect permissions, run the following command to determine which package owns it: 
$ rpm -qf FILENAME

Next, run the following command to reset its permissions to the correct values: 
$ sudo rpm --setperms PACKAGENAME
CCE-80499-7 Verify and Correct Ownership with RPM The RPM package management system can check file ownership permissions of installed software packages, including many that are important to system security. After locating a file with incorrect permissions, which can be found with 
rpm -Va | awk '{ if (substr($0,6,1)=="U" || substr($0,7,1)=="G") print $NF }'
run the following command to determine which package owns it: 
$ rpm -qf FILENAME
Next, run the following command to reset its permissions to the correct values: 
$ sudo rpm --setugids PACKAGENAME
CCE-7223-7 Verify File Hashes with RPM Without cryptographic integrity protections, system executables and files can be altered by unauthorized users without detection. The RPM package management system can check the hashes of installed software packages, including many that are important to system security. To verify that the cryptographic hash of system files and commands match vendor values, run the following command to list which files on the system have hashes that differ from what is expected by the RPM database: 
$ rpm -Va | grep '^..5'
A "c" in the second column indicates that a file is a configuration file, which may appropriately be expected to change. If the file was not expected to change, investigate the cause of the change using audit logs or other means. The package can then be reinstalled to restore the file. Run the following command to determine which package owns the file: 
$ rpm -qf FILENAME
The package can be reinstalled from a yum repository using the command: 
$ sudo yum reinstall PACKAGENAME
Alternatively, the package can be reinstalled from trusted media using the command: 
$ sudo rpm -Uvh PACKAGENAME
CCE-27024-9 Install AIDE The aide package can be installed with the following command: 
$ sudo yum install aide
CCE-27222-9 Configure Periodic Execution of AIDE At a minimum, AIDE should be configured to run a weekly scan. At most, AIDE should be run daily. To implement a daily execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line to /etc/crontab: 
05 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/aide --check
To implement a weekly execution of AIDE at 4:05am using cron, add the following line to /etc/crontab: 
05 4 * * 0 root /usr/sbin/aide --check
AIDE can be executed periodically through other means; this is merely one example. The usage of cron's special time codes, such as @daily and @weekly is acceptable.
CCE-27135-3 Build and Test AIDE Database Run the following command to generate a new database: 
$ sudo /usr/sbin/aide --init
By default, the database will be written to the file /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz. Storing the database, the configuration file /etc/aide.conf, and the binary /usr/sbin/aide (or hashes of these files), in a secure location (such as on read-only media) provides additional assurance about their integrity. The newly-generated database can be installed as follows: 
$ sudo cp /var/lib/aide/aide.db.new.gz /var/lib/aide/aide.db.gz
To initiate a manual check, run the following command: 
$ sudo /usr/sbin/aide --check
If this check produces any unexpected output, investigate.
CCE-27221-1 Disable Prelinking The prelinking feature changes binaries in an attempt to decrease their startup time. In order to disable it, change or add the following line inside the file /etc/sysconfig/prelink: 
PRELINKING=no
Next, run the following command to return binaries to a normal, non-prelinked state: 
$ sudo /usr/sbin/prelink -ua
CCE-26647-8 Ensure gpgcheck Enabled for All yum Package Repositories To ensure signature checking is not disabled for any repos, remove any lines from files in /etc/yum.repos.d of the form: 
gpgcheck=0
CCE-27635-2 Ensure Software Patches Installed If the system is joined to the Red Hat Network, a Red Hat Satellite Server, or a yum server, run the following command to install updates: 
$ sudo yum update
If the system is not configured to use one of these sources, updates (in the form of RPM packages) can be manually downloaded from the Red Hat Network and installed using rpm.

NOTE: U.S. Defense systems are required to be patched within 30 days or sooner as local policy dictates.
CCE-26506-6 Ensure Red Hat GPG Key Installed To ensure the system can cryptographically verify base software packages come from Red Hat (and to connect to the Red Hat Network to receive them), the Red Hat GPG key must properly be installed. To install the Red Hat GPG key, run: 
$ sudo subscription-manager register
If the system is not connected to the Internet or an RHN Satellite, then install the Red Hat GPG key from trusted media such as the Red Hat installation CD-ROM or DVD. Assuming the disc is mounted in /media/cdrom, use the following command as the root user to import it into the keyring: 
$ sudo rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY
CCE-26709-6 Ensure gpgcheck Enabled In Main yum Configuration The gpgcheck option controls whether RPM packages' signatures are always checked prior to installation. To configure yum to check package signatures before installing them, ensure the following line appears in /etc/yum.conf in the [main] section: 
gpgcheck=1
Ensure /srv Located On Separate Partition If a file server (FTP, TFTP...) is hosted locally, create a separate partition for /srv at installation time (or migrate it later using LVM). If /srv will be mounted from another system such as an NFS server, then creating a separate partition is not necessary at installation time, and the mountpoint can instead be configured later.
CCE-26557-9 Ensure /home Located On Separate Partition If user home directories will be stored locally, create a separate partition for /home at installation time (or migrate it later using LVM). If /home will be mounted from another system such as an NFS server, then creating a separate partition is not necessary at installation time, and the mountpoint can instead be configured later.
CCE-27596-6 Encrypt Partitions Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 natively supports partition encryption through the Linux Unified Key Setup-on-disk-format (LUKS) technology. The easiest way to encrypt a partition is during installation time.

For manual installations, select the Encrypt checkbox during partition creation to encrypt the partition. When this option is selected the system will prompt for a passphrase to use in decrypting the partition. The passphrase will subsequently need to be entered manually every time the system boots.

For automated/unattended installations, it is possible to use Kickstart by adding the --encrypted and --passphrase= options to the definition of each partition to be encrypted. For example, the following line would encrypt the root partition: 
part / --fstype=ext4 --size=100 --onpart=hda1 --encrypted --passphrase=PASSPHRASE
Any PASSPHRASE is stored in the Kickstart in plaintext, and the Kickstart must then be protected accordingly. Omitting the --passphrase= option from the partition definition will cause the installer to pause and interactively ask for the passphrase during installation.

By default, the Anaconda installer uses aes-xts-plain64 cipher with a minimum 512 bit key size which should be compatible with FIPS enabled.

Detailed information on encrypting partitions using LUKS or LUKS ciphers can be found on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Documentation web site:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Security_Guide/sec-Encryption.html.
CCE-26639-5 Ensure /var Located On Separate Partition The /var directory is used by daemons and other system services to store frequently-changing data. Ensure that /var has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.
CCE-26435-8 Ensure /tmp Located On Separate Partition The /tmp directory is a world-writable directory used for temporary file storage. Ensure it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.
CCE-26436-6 Ensure /var/log/audit Located On Separate Partition Audit logs are stored in the /var/log/audit directory. Ensure that it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it later using LVM. Make absolutely certain that it is large enough to store all audit logs that will be created by the auditing daemon.
CCE-26215-4 Ensure /var/log Located On Separate Partition System logs are stored in the /var/log directory. Ensure that it has its own partition or logical volume at installation time, or migrate it using LVM.